Methods and microbial risks associated with composting of animal carcasses in the United States

Berge, Anna Catharina; Glanville, Thomas D.; Millner, Patricia D.; Klingborg, Donald J.

doi:10.2460/javma.234.1.47

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A compostagem é um processo amplamente aeróbico em que bactérias, fungos e outros microrganismos convertem matéria orgânica em húmus estável (Berge et al, 2009). Nesse processo, a temperatura é considerada como elemento principal na inativação de patógenos (Wilkinson, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Fatores que afetam o desempenho de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Silva

Agostini

Callegari

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e quantificar, por meio de modelos de regressão linear múltipla, os fatores de produção que afetam o consumo diário de ração e a conversão alimentar de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação, em granjas integradas a uma cooperativa. Foram avaliados os históricos produtivos de 690 lotes, que representavam aproximadamente 363 mil animais alojados entre 2010 e 2013 em 118 granjas vinculadas a uma cooperativa do Estado do Paraná. Foram considerados 44 fatores de produção relacionados a instalações, manejo, sanidade, genética e alimentação. O consumo diário de ração (CDR) foi menor nos lotes oriundos de granjas com árvores nas laterais dos galpões e naqueles formados apenas por fêmeas. Já a conversão alimentar (CA) foi melhor para os lotes provenientes de granjas com árvores nas laterais dos galpões, alojados no verão/outono, oriundos de granjas edificadas em alvenaria e que apresentavam composteira e unidades especializadas produtoras de leitões. Os pesos de entrada e de saída dos lotes influenciaram o CDR, e o peso de entrada e a duração do período de engorda, a CA. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla possibilitam identificar variáveis de importância e estimar seus efeitos sobre a conversão alimentar e o consumo diário de ração de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação.Termos para indexação: consumo diário de ração, conversão alimentar, equações, regressão múltipla. Factors affecting the performance of pigs in the growing and finishing phasesAbstract -The objective of this work was to identify and quantify, through multiple linear regression models, the factors of production that affect the daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of pigs in the growing and finishing phases, in farms linked to a company. The production records of 690 batches were evaluated, representing approximately 363 thousand animals housed between 2010 and 2013 in 118 commercial farms linked to a company in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Forty-four factors of production related to facilities, management, health status, genetics, and feeding were considered. Daily feed intake (DFI) was lower in batches from farms that had trees planted on the sides of the barns and in those formed only by females. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in batches from farms with trees on the sides of the barns, housed during summer/fall, originated from farms with barns built of masonry and that had compost bins and specialized units for producing piglets. The initial and final weights of the batches affected DFI, and the initial weight and duration of the growing and finishing phases, the FCR. The multiple linear regression models allow identifying important variables and estimating their effects on FCR and DFI of pigs in the growing and finishing phases.Index terms: daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, equations, multiple regression. IntroduçãoNa suinocultura, as fases de crescimento e terminação são consideradas complexas e sujeitas a muitas variáveis, com grandes transformações nos ...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Fatores que afetam o desempenho de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Silva

Agostini

Callegari

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…An animal carcass is a great source of pathogens, drug toxins and other chemicals, which must be eliminated or reduced to safe values to minimize their potential risk (BERGE et al, 2009). Thus, the composting of animals has be incorporated to prevent the transmission and spread of an infection (KALBASI et al, 2005) and to reduce the pathogenic microorganisms to appropriate levels (BERGE et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of production factors on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of grow-finishing pigs

Silva

Novais

Santos

et al. 2017

SCA

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The aim of this study was to identify and quantify, through mathematical models, the production factors of grow-finishing (GF) phases that influence the daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in pigs. Sixty-five GF farms were evaluated between 2010 and 2013, linked to a cooperative system located in the western Parana State, Brazil, representing 463 batches, with a mean of 642.79 ± 363.29 animals per batch, equalling approximately 300,000 animals. Forty production factors were considered that related to management, sanitation, installations and equipment, nutrition, genetics and environment on the farms. The DFI was influenced by the barn's position relative to the sun (P = 0.048), initial body weight (P < 0.0001) and final body weight (P < 0.0001). It was observed that the FCR was influenced by the barn's position relative to the sun (P = 0.0001), the use of humidifiers/misting (P = 0.03), the presence of composters (P = 0.006), trees on the sides of barns (P < 0.045), the initial body weight of the pigs (P<0.0001) and duration of the grow-finishing phase (P < 0.0001). The variables selected in the models explained approximately 44 and 20% of the total variance in the DFI and FCR, respectively, demonstrating that this resource is a good tool for interpreting the factors related to the parameters evaluated. Key words: Management. Multilevel modelling. Swine. ResumoObjetivou-se neste estudo identificar e quantificar, através de modelos matemáticos, os fatores de produção presentes em unidades de crescimento e terminação (CT) de suínos que influenciam os parâmetros consumo diário de ração (CDR) e conversão alimentar (CA). Foram avaliados o histórico produtivo de 65 granjas de CT entre os anos de 2010 e 2013, vinculadas a um sistema cooperativo localizado na região oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, representando 463 lotes com média de 642,79 ± 363,29 animais por lote, totalizando aproximadamente 300.000 animais. Foram considerados 40 fatores de produção relacionados ao manejo, sanidade, instalações e equipamentos, nutrição, genética e ambiente. Observou-se que o CDR foi influenciado pela posição dos barracões em relação ao sol (P = 0,048), pelo peso de entrada (P < 0,0001) e de saída (P < 0,0001). Para a variável CA a posição dos barracões em relação ao sol (P = 0,0001), o uso de umidificadores/nebulizadores (P = 0,03), a presença de composteira (P = 0,006) e de árvores nas laterais dos barracões (P = 0,045), o peso de entrada (P < 0,0001) e a duração da fase de CT (P < 0,0001) influenciaram o parâmetro. As variáveis selecionadas nos modelos explicaram aproximadamente 44 e 20% da variância total do CDR e CA, respectivamente, sendo este recurso uma boa ferramenta para interpretar os fatores relacionados com os parâmetros avaliados. Palavras-chave: Manejo. Modelagem multinível. Suínos.

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“…Effective composting of SRM requires that animal tissues are fully biodegraded and that precautions are taken to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission or the generation of odours or effluent (Berge et al 2009;Xu et al 2009). To inactivate human pathogens, guidelines from CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment) and USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) both suggest that all materials are exposed to temperatures of at least 55°C for at least 3 consecutive days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biodegradation of SRM in compost depends on the complex microbial consortia that are naturally present in this environment (Berge et al 2009;Xu et al 2010). Although composting of cattle carcasses on-farm has been evaluated Xu et al 2009), information on the microbes participating in this process is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of specified risk material and characterization of actinobacterial communities in laboratory-scale composters

Inglis

Reuter

et al. 2011

Biodegradation

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As a result of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Canada, specific tissues at risk of harbouring prions are not allowed to enter the food chain. Composting may be a viable alternative to rendering and land filling for the disposal of specified risk material (SRM). Two types of laboratory-scale composters, actively-heated and ambient systems were constructed to assess the biodegradation of SRM over 30 days. A second heating cycle was generated by mixing the compost after 15 days. Compared to ambient composters, temperature profiles in actively-heated composters were above 50°C for 5 and 4 days longer in the first and second composting cycles, respectively. Degradation of SRM was similar between two composter types during two composting cycles, averaging 52.2% in the first cycle and 43.9% in second cycle. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed that changes in the actinobacteria populations in the first composting cycle were of a temporal nature, whereas alterations in populations in the second composting cycle were more related to active heating of compost. Sequencing of the dominant DGGE bands showed the predominance of Corynebacterium, Promicromonospora, Pseudonocardia, and Thermobifida in the first composting cycle and Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Saccharomonospora, and Streptomyces in the second composting cycle. Active heating can alter the nature of actinobacteria populations in compost, but does not appear to have a major impact on the extent of degradation of SRM.

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Methods and microbial risks associated with composting of animal carcasses in the United States

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Fatores que afetam o desempenho de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Fatores que afetam o desempenho de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Influence of production factors on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of grow-finishing pigs

Biodegradation of specified risk material and characterization of actinobacterial communities in laboratory-scale composters

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