Methodology in diagnostic virology

Kennedy, Melissa

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2004.09.009

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Detecting emerging viral diseases of companion animals requires interaction and discussion among clinicians, pathologists, and virologists, and practicing small animal veterinarians must stay engaged in communication with these specialists through their state diagnostic laboratories or nearby colleges of veterinary medicine. Veterinary diagnostic medicine is rapidly progressing, and it is critical for the successful practitioner to stay abreast of new developments in small animal infectious diseases and their diagnosis through continuing education [22][23][24]. The development of monoclonal antibody technology in the 1980s and the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in the 1990s have reshaped veterinary diagnostic strategies, especially in the subspecialty of virology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Investigation of Emerging Viruses of Companion Animals

Kapil

Yeary

Johnson

2008

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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In this article, the authors are specifically concerned with the timely and accurate detection of emerging diseases of small animals that are viral in origin. Veterinarians are bound to encounter emerging viruses in their practice. The problem is unavoidable, because viruses are highly mutagenic. Even the immune response dictates the nature of virus that evolves in a host. If the clinical signs and diagnostic methods fail to correlate, the veterinarian should work with the diagnostic laboratory to solve the diagnostic puzzle.

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Investigation of Emerging Viruses of Companion Animals

Kapil

Yeary

Johnson

2008

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Os imunoensaios para detecção de antígenos virais foram desenvolvidos nos anos de 1960 e, desde então, são amplamente utilizados na rotina de pesquisa e diagnóstico viral. A difusão desses ensaios deve-se a facilidade de execução, repetibilidade, disponibilidade de reagentes e resultados produzidos (3) .…”

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“…Diversos ensaios que empregam este princípio estão disponíveis, entre os quais se destacam imunofluorescência (IFA), imunoperoxidase (IPX), imuno-histoquímica (IHQ), Western blot e enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Esses testes são aplicados na detecção de antígenos em células de cultivo, tecidos de animais ou livres no meio (3) . Desse modo, essas metodologias estão condicionadas à disponibilidade de anticorpos específicos para o vírus ou antígeno viral (2) .…”

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“…O diagnóstico laboratorial dessas enfermidades pode ser realizado pela detecção das partículas ou material genético viral. Diversas técnicas como imunofluorescência, imunoperoxidade e ELISA são empregadas como alternativas para a identificação e diagnóstico de partículas víricas (1,3) . Esses testes são rotineiramente utilizados em laboratórios de diagnóstico e pesquisa para identificar a presença de antígenos virais em amostras suspeitas (1,3) .…”

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“…Diversas técnicas como imunofluorescência, imunoperoxidade e ELISA são empregadas como alternativas para a identificação e diagnóstico de partículas víricas (1,3) . Esses testes são rotineiramente utilizados em laboratórios de diagnóstico e pesquisa para identificar a presença de antígenos virais em amostras suspeitas (1,3) . Um limitante para a utilização dos imunoensaios para os laboratórios é a disponibilidade dos anticorpos ou antissoros (3) .…”

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Anticorpos Policlonais Para O Imunodiagnóstico De Vírus Bovino

et al. 2019

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi produzir anticorpos policlonais para vírus bovino e testar a reatividade em imunoensaios como imunofluorescência, imunoperoxidase e slot blot. Como imunógeno utilizou-se cepas e/ou isolados dos herpesvírus bovino tipo 1, 2 e 5 (BoHV-1, BoHV-2 e BoHV-5), vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV), vírus respiratório sincicial bovino (BRSV), vírus da língua azul (BTV) e vírus vaccina (VACV) amplificados em cultivo celular. Os coelhos foram imunizados em intervalos regulares e o soro hiperimune produzido foi utilizado como anticorpo primário nos imunoensaios. A diluição de trabalho para cada antissoro foi determinada por diluição seriada limitante e variaram entre 1:800 e 1:51.200. As maiores diluições foram observadas para imunoperoxidase, quando comparadas com a imunofluorescência e slot blot. Diluições menores que 1:800 foram associadas com aumento de reações inespecíficas. Os antissoros anti-BoHV-1, -BoHV-5, -BVDV e -BRSV reagiram frente a isolados heterólogos em ensaios de imunofluorescência e imunoperoxidase. Conclui-se que os antissoros produzidos possuem elevadas concentrações de anticorpos específicos para os vírus e é uma alternativa para a utilização em imunoensaios.

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A review on molecular detection techniques of white spot syndrome virus: Perspectives of problems and solutions in shrimp farming

Islam¹,

Mou

Sanjida³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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This review aims to provide an update on the current scientific understanding of various aspects of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) formation, diagnostic procedures, transmission, ecological effects, pathophysiology and management strategies. In terms of production and financial benefits, the WSSV has been the most virulent in shrimp and several other crustacean sectors around the globe. It spreads vertically from diseased broodstock to post-larvae and horizontally by cannibalism, invertebrate vectors, freshwater and sediments. In the transfer of white spot disease (WSD) in newly stocked ponds, the survivability of WSSV in sediment is the most important variable. In typical cultural conditions, it is a highly infectious pathogen capable of inflicting total death within 3-10 days after an outbreak. Some of the current biosecurity strategies used to keep diseases out of shrimp ponds such as pond water disinfection, quarantine of new stocks before stocking and broader usage of specific pathogen-free shrimp. The sequencing and characterisation of various WSSV strains have provided details about pathogen biology, pathogenicity and disease. To develop successful control methods, knowledge of these characteristics is essential. In several shrimp-producing countries in Asia and the Americas, the infections produced by the WSSV have had disastrous socio-economic consequences. As a result of international trade or migration of diseased species, the World Animal Health Organization recognised several illnesses as posing a substantial hazard to farmed shrimp. WSD is receiving much scientific research due to the potential economic effects of the virus. Research is now being done to understand better the molecular biology and pathophysiology of WSSV, as well as how to treat and prevent the virus. However, further study should be conducted in countries with more resilient host species to understand their role in mitigating disease impacts since these revelations may aid in developing a WSD treatment.

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Methodology in diagnostic virology

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnostic Investigation of Emerging Viruses of Companion Animals

Diagnostic Investigation of Emerging Viruses of Companion Animals

Anticorpos Policlonais Para O Imunodiagnóstico De Vírus Bovino

A review on molecular detection techniques of white spot syndrome virus: Perspectives of problems and solutions in shrimp farming

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