Methodology for the establishment of physical and geometric properties of a drainage basin

Abstract

PELIKÁN, P., ŠLEZINGR, M.: Methodology for the establishment of physical and geometric properties of a drainage basin. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 6, pp. 265-270 Factors which aff ect runoff are closely related to properties of the basin from which the water fl ows and its environment. They have an eff ect not only on the size of the runoff but also its origination and mainly its temporal distribution. These factors can be divided into two main groups. The fi rst group contains climatic factors, which are besides precipitation meteorological quantities aff ecting the overall evaporation of water in the drainage basin. These include the actual temporal and spatial progress of a rainfall, the moisture of air, evaporation, air temperature, the velocity and direction of wind, atmospheric pressure, etc. The other group consists of geographic factors of the drainage basin, which describe the environment in which the process of runoff occurs. The presented study focuses on a theoretical analysis of physical and geometric properties of a basin, the practical methods and the possible ways of their determination and possible uses of results. In the past the determination of physical a geometric watershed attributes had been working out on the basis of analogue maps. These methods were very labour-intensive and lengthy. The report deals with new determination methods based on digital data processing -utilization of digital terrain model (DTM). These problems are quite actual because of research of rainfall-runoff process, fl ood process and soil erosion within watershed. digital terrain model, drainage basin, hydrology, physical and geometric factors, rainfall-runoff process Hydrology is a science which consistently deals with natural principles of water and its cycle. Its signifi cance follows from the irreplaceable character of water for all living creatures, for life and activities of human beings. The knowledge obtained within the fi eld concerning water sources, the origination and distribution of drainage of water on and under the earth surface can be used to enhance the living conditions on the Earth. Hydrological data, which include important characteristics of the hydrological regime, serve mainly as a foundation for proposals of economical and functional water management works and for planning of potential water management interferences improving the hydrological situation.The need for and the consumption of water is still rising. However, with respect to its limited volume, it is necessary to plan the needs of a society so that water resources for various purposes are used rationally and in the optimum way. The general controlling and concept-making role is in the hands of water management. Its activity is practically impossible without good and reliable hydrological data.Engineering hydrology provides data and information necessary for design and construction activities and the operation and maintenance of water management works. Besides, it is used in all activities ai...

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