Methodological and Theoretical Issues in the Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations in Western Europe

Walby, Sylvia

doi:10.1068/a261339

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although family policies have become more similar to the family policies in the Nordic countries, the southern European policies still primarily consist of support from the state for the male breadwinner family; that is, families consisting of a full-time employed man and a woman shoulder the primary responsibility for housework and childcare. Consequently, the division of paid and unpaid work is more traditionally divided between men and women in central and southern Europe compared to, for instance, the Nordic countries [19,20,23,24].…”

Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are large country variations in how paid and unpaid labour is divided between women and men. Different parts of Europe have been defined as representing different gender regimes [19,20].…”

Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family policy encourages female labour market participation, emphasises gender equality and women's independence from men and aims at enabling the combination of paid work and parenthood among both mothers and fathers. Although work is relatively traditionally divided, the division is less traditional than in most other parts of the world, which means that the Nordic countries can be characterised as representing a relatively egalitarian gender regime [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Job and Family Satisfaction for Happiness among Women and Men in Different Gender Regimes

Nordenmark

2017

Societies

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Abstract:The family and the work place are two arenas of central importance for most adult people. Consequently, one can assume that the level of satisfaction with one's family life and job may be critical to one's level of happiness in general. However, there are reasons to believe that there are variations according to gender and gender regime. The general aim of this study is to analyse the relative importance of job satisfaction and satisfaction with family life for happiness among women and men in different gender regimes. Analyses are based on comparative data from the International Social Survey Program 2012. Results show that the level of satisfaction with family life appears more important to the general level of happiness than the level of job satisfaction. This is true for both women and men and in different gender regimes. However, the level of satisfaction with family life appears less important to men's level of happiness in countries representing a conservative gender regime. Another interesting related result is that the level of happiness appears generally lower among women living in a conservative gender regime.

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Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Meaning Of Gender and Gender Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Job and Family Satisfaction for Happiness among Women and Men in Different Gender Regimes

Nordenmark

2017

Societies

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“…Her approach could benefit from the use of a dialectical method of analysis as advocated by Sorge (1994). Empirical indicators that could be used to measure these concepts only highlight that they are open to a plethora of contradictory interpretations once we try to examine these across countries; part-time work is a particularly good case in point (Walby 1994(Walby :1346.…”

Section: Women and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, what initially appears to be a set of sleek conceptual categories quickly falls into confusion when she attempts to apply it to comparative research issues and cross-national data (Walby 1994). What we find, like the air we breathe, is that patriarchy is all around us -to a greater or lesser degree, in a stronger or weaker form.…”

Section: Women and Employmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Considerations in Cross-National Employment Research

O’Reilly

1996

Sociological Research Online

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in ABSTRACTThis article critically reviews a range of theoretical approaches to cross-national employment research. It classifies these studies in terms of universal and culturalist perspectives. Universalists tend to ignore the concept of culture, or at best acknowledge it as a marginal phenomenon or additional variable. Culturalists, on the other hand, have sought to integrate the concept of culture into their analysis at a socio-economic and institutional level as well as at the psychological level of the individual. The emphasis on similarities between countries tends to lead to a universalist approach, whilst the emphasis on difference is often supported by a more culturalist perspective. This review highlights that the shortcomings of these approaches in terms of accounting for change and the co-existence of similarity and diversity. Further more, these studies, for the most part, are blind to the affects and effects of gender on industrial organisation and employment practices.Cross-national studies which have given more weight to gender concerns have tended to be concentrated in debates on the welfare state or patterns of women's employment. One of the problems with many of these studies has been that either gender becomes an optional variable in the cross-national comparison, or where there have been attempts to make it more central, the meaning of cross-national differences becomes blurred and confused. What is clearly required is an approach which shows how gender relations shape observable differences in national regimes of economic production and social reproduction and how these vary between countries. It has been argued here that the employment systems approach coupled with the gender order perspective can provide a useful framework of analysis. This enables us to identify how comparable pressures for change have generated specific interest coalitions; these coalitions resolve conflicts by agreeing on a particular gender compromise. ZusammenfassungIn In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Meinung vertreten, daß der "Beschäftigungssysteme"-Ansatz mit dem Blick auf die Bedeutung der "Geschlechterordnung" verknüpft werden sollte; dies könnte einen ertragreichen analytischen Rahmen ergeben. Denn dadurch ließe sich erkennen, wie ähnliche Zwänge zu Veränderungen spezifische Interessenkoalitionen hervorgebracht haben; diese Interessenkoalitionen lösen Konflikte durch die Einigung auf einen spezifischen "Geschlechterkompromiß".

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Societal Agreement on Gender Role Attitudes and Childlessness in 38 Countries

Hudde

2018

Eur J Population

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Many authors argue that levels of childlessness and fertility are a function of changing gender relations, but the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear and mainly untested. This study argues that the societal variation in gender role attitudes explains the link: a great variation in attitudes among potential partners leads to uncertainty and conflicts, which depresses people's propensity for parenthood. This idea is tested with multilevel logistic regression models for 6305 individuals in 38 countries on all continents, using ISSP 2012 data. Measures for the average gender role attitude in the society as well as the dispersion in attitudes are regressed on whether individuals have at least one child or are childless. Attitudes are captured using factor analysis and are opinions towards the gendered division of given tasks and privileges, such as childrearing or the uptake of parental leave. The dispersion in attitudes is the standard deviation of the factor variable in the given country. The analysis gives support to the hypothesis: the greater the variation in gender role attitudes, the higher the chance for individuals to remain childless. The association is significant and holds against various robustness checks.

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Methodological and Theoretical Issues in the Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations in Western Europe

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

The Importance of Job and Family Satisfaction for Happiness among Women and Men in Different Gender Regimes

The Importance of Job and Family Satisfaction for Happiness among Women and Men in Different Gender Regimes

Theoretical Considerations in Cross-National Employment Research

Societal Agreement on Gender Role Attitudes and Childlessness in 38 Countries

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