Method to Study Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils: Application to the Antifungal Activity of Six Moroccan Essences

Abstract

The Micro-atmosphere method of Kellner and Kober was modified and used to study antifungal properties of six essential oils that have different chemical compositions (three chemotypes from mugwort, Artemisia herba alba, one from thyme, Thymus capitatus, one from rosemary, Romarinus officinalis and one from Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus globulus). They were tested against 39 mold strains (13 from the genus Penicillium, nine from Aspergillus and 17 others). The essential oil from thyme was the most effective, suscessively followed by those from mugwort, rosemary and eucalyptus. The strains studied were classified into three groups: sensitive, intermediate and resistant.

Inibição do desenvolvimento fúngico através da utilização de óleos essenciais de condimentos

“…O fungo A. niger não teve o seu desenvolvimento micelial afetado nas concentrações testadas. Vários estudos comprovam as propriedades antimicrobianas deste condimento (BENJILALI et al, 1984;FARAG et al, 1989;SHELEF, 1983).…”

“…O eugenol e o timol extraídos respectivamente do cravo e do tomilho causaram inibição completa no desenvolvimento de Aspergillus flavus e A. versicolor (Vuill) Tirab a 0,4mg/ mL ou menos; na concentração de 2 mg/mL o anetol extraído das sementes de anis inibiu o desenvolvimento de todas as estirpes testadas. Benjilali et al (1984) testaram o efeito de 6 óleos essenciais em 39 espécies de fungos do gênero Penicillium , Aspergillus e outros, o óleo de tomilho foi o mais eficiente, seguido de 3 tipos de estragão, alecrim e eucalipto. Farag et al (1989) obtiveram a seqüência decrescente de maior atividade fungicida de óleos essenciais para A. parasiticus: tomilho, cominho, cravo, alcaravia, alecrim e sálvia.…”

Composition chimique et activités antibactériennes, antifongiques et antioxydante de l'huile essentielle dePelargonium asperumEhrh.exWilde des Comores

“…Les résultats de cette étude sont regroupés dans le tableau II. (Kurita et al, 1981 ;LisBalchin & Deans, 1996 ;Lalli et al, 2008), ce qui est aussi en accord avec les investigations de plusieurs auteurs qui ont montré que, pour les huiles essentielles de plusieurs plantes médicinales, les moisissures sont de loin plus sensibles que les bactéries (Pellecuer et al, 1973(Pellecuer et al, , 1974Benjilali et al, 1984 ;Kivanç & Ajgûl, 1986 ;Tantaoui-Elarki & Beraoud, 1994 ;Hammer et al, 2003). D'une façon générale, les activités antibactériennes et antifongiques de l'huile de géranium Bourbon peuvent être attribuées principalement aux alcools terpéniques (citronellol, géraniol, linalol) qui représentent environ 50,07% des constituants de cette huile.…”

Evaluation of Myrrh (Commiphora Molmol) Essential Oil Activity Against Some Storage Fungi

“…Myrrh essential oil on tested fungi:-The technique used in this experiment was the microatmosphere method described by (12). Pyrex glass Petri dishes were used with exactly the same shape (9 cm diameter, 1.5 cm high).…”