Method of electromagnetic separation of radioactive isotopes of rare-earth elements directly from targets

Latuszynski, A.; Zuber, K.; Zuber, J.; Potempa, A.; Zuk, W.M.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(74)90053-6

Cited by 35 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(In case of 25 pm Re-foil we could not measure significant fractions of radio-lanthanides even at the highest possible temperature 3200 K). As an example: according to presented experimental data the time for releasing 50 % of the radio-lanthanides out of 50 pm Ta-foils is expected to be of the order of 30 sec at 2750 K. This is in absolute agreement with the Dubna experiences, where 50 pm Ta-foils were used as target material in off line mode to produce short lived lanthanide isotopes in the framework of the JASNAPP Program (see for example [5,23,24]). A small roll of 50 pm Ta foil (1 -5 g) was irradiated with 680 MeV protons at the Dubna synchrocyclotron and then inserted into the surface ionization ion source [25] of the JASNAPP off line isotope separator.…”

Section: The Diffusion Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of diffusion in ISOL targets for the production of radioactive ion beams

Beyer

Hagebø

Novgorodov

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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On line isotope separation techniques (ISOL) for production of ion beams of short-lived radionuclides require fast separation of nuclear reaction products from irradiated target materials followed by a transfer into an ion source. As a first step in this transport chain the release of nuclear reaction products from refractory metals has been studied systematically and will be reviewed. High-energy protons (500 -1000 MeV) produce a large number of radionuclides in irradiated materials via the nuclear reactions spallation, fission and fragmentation. Foils and powders of Re, W, Ta, Hf, Mo, Nb, Zr, Y, Ti and C were irradiated with protons (600 -1000 MeV) at the Dubna synchrocyclotron, the CERN synchrocyclotron and at the CERN PS-booster to produce different nuclear reaction products.The main topic of the paper is the determination of diffusion coefficients of the nuclear reaction products in the target matrix, data evaluation and a systematic interpretation of the data. The influence of the ionic radius of the diffusing species and the lattice type of the host material used as matrix or target on the diffusion will be evaluated from these systematics. Special attention was directed to the release of group I, II and III-elements. Arrhenius plots lead to activation energies of the diffusion process. Results:1. 2.A strong radius determined diffusion behaviour was found: Rare earth elements diffuse as Me3+-species.Within the host elements of one period of the periodic table the diffusion of the DVIB'3. In a given target trace elements of group I and II of a lower period diffuse faster than the corresponding elements of the higher period of the periodic table. 132nd period > DSth period > 136th period (DBe >> DSr > DBa)• The diffusion determined transport rate of nuclear reaction products in solid target materials is often satisfactory, and consequently several refractory metals are suited as targets for fast on-line separation of short lived nuclear reaction products. The delay times measured in on line mode at ISOLDE, however, are significantly shorter. An enhancement of the diffusion under radiation condition is considered, subject for further systematic studies. The results obtained in this systematic study may also be applied in the development of alternative separation technologies in medical radionuclide production.

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Section: The Diffusion Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of diffusion in ISOL targets for the production of radioactive ion beams

Beyer

Hagebø

Novgorodov

et al. 2003

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…Chemical separation of elements was often applied 1 between those two steps, however, this was not a rule. 3 Hence, nuclear spectra were studied in an off-line mode. This worked well for nuclides with a half-life larger than 10-20 min.…”

Section: Description Of the Hot Cavity Surface Ion Source And Itsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulations of ionization in a hot cavity surface ion source

Turek

Droździel

Pyszniak

et al. 2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new numerical Monte Carlo method based model of a hot cavity surface ionization ion source is presented in this paper. The model, intended to support the studies on ionization phenomena in a widely used class of ion sources, takes into account geometry of the ion source and extraction system, ionizer temperature and other features. The results of ion source efficiency calculations for various configurations of the extraction field are reviewed. The dominant role of the ionizer region near the extraction opening is described. Simulated dependences of ionization efficiency on the working parameters like ionizer length and temperature, ionization potential of the substance, and extraction voltage are discussed. A good agreement of the experimental data (e.g., influence of ionizer temperature, current-voltage curve) and the predictions of the model is found. It is also shown that the contribution to the ionization yield from impact of thermionic electrons accelerated by the extraction field may be significant, especially for the substances of small surface ionization coefficient. The simulation results are compared to the predictions of different theoretical models of the ion source--the obtained simulation data are in accordance both with a well-known Kirchner formula and the so called spherical ionizer model.

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“…One of them is a surface ionization source equipped with a hot cavity ionizer characterized by small dimensions and a simple design. Despite the fact it was invented many years ago [2,3] it is still used and developed [4,5], mostly due to its numerous advantages such as: purity of beam, low energy spread of extracted beam, short time ions stay in the ionizer, which could be a clue in the case of short-lived isotopes investigations. The other important advantages of hot cavity ion sources are: their high ionization efficiency and a small amount of substance needed to obtain stable ion current as well as low energy spread of the obtained beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Ionization in a Spherical Surface Ionizer

Turek

2011

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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A Monte Carlo method-based model of a hot cavity surface ion source with a spherically shaped ionizer is presented. A numerical code enables studies of ion source efficiency as a function of an extraction voltage, geometry of the ionizer and its temperature, the size of extraction aperture and many other factors. The calculation results for a variety of mentioned parameters are presented. A novel configuration of surface ion source is proposed and discussed -the efficiency of the source with an almost spherically shaped ionizer could be much higher than that of currently used constructions of ion sources.

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Method of electromagnetic separation of radioactive isotopes of rare-earth elements directly from targets

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

The role of diffusion in ISOL targets for the production of radioactive ion beams

The role of diffusion in ISOL targets for the production of radioactive ion beams

Simulations of ionization in a hot cavity surface ion source

Modeling of Ionization in a Spherical Surface Ionizer

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