The technological process of obtaining thermally conductive carbon foams based on microspheres and pitches, including the stages of mixing the initial components, pressing the mixture of components, obtaining semi-finished "green" foam, low-temperature carbonization, carbonization, high-temperature heat treatment, pyro-compaction, mechanical processing has been developed. It is shown that the structure of the resulting foam is characterized by a lower content of voids, the layered structure of the walls of microspheres. The obtained values of thermophysical and physical-mechanical characteristics provide the possibility to use the foams for work in extreme conditions