Method for guiding crowd evacuation at exit: The buffer zone

Wang, Jinghong; Jin, Bowei; Li, Jia; Chen, Fanghao; Wang, Zhirong; Sun, Jinhua

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.05.014

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…e movement trajectory of pedestrian's evacuation was focused under specific conditions (low visibility) [24]. e mechanism of buffer zone was studied to analyze the effects of different buffer zone lengths on evacuation time, density, pedestrian waiting time, and expected speed [25]. e movement characteristics of the mixed population and the wheelchair users at different widths of evacuation route were studied [26].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

Tian

2020

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Rail transit stations with multifloor structures have been built in many cities to intensively utilize land resources and facilitate lives of community. However, being overcrowded with passengers results in high risks during daily operation. In response, this study conducted an emergency evacuation simulation and optimization in the three-dimensional (3D) space of “complex rail transit stations” (CRTSs). The aim of the paper is to provide a methodology to determine effective emergency evacuation strategies for CRTSs. The Lianglukou Rail Transit Station in Chongqing, China, was used as a case study and the AnyLogic simulation platform employed for simulating emergency evacuations. An emergency evacuation theoretical framework was established. The emergency evacuation strategies, including evacuation routes and evacuation times, were determined based on the theoretical demonstration. Simulation and optimization of emergency evacuation in the Lianglukou station were conducted. Accordingly, four main simulation results were obtained: (1) Escalators/stairs and turnstiles are key facilities in the evacuation; (2) Effective guidance for the evacuation is necessary in the public space of the station; (3) Passenger aggregation nodes should be guided for balanced evacuation; (4) Removing metal barriers is a useful evacuation optimization measure. The proposed research method and framework can be used by other CRTSs in the establishment of emergency evacuation strategies and effective optimization strategies to promote safety of transportation system. The research findings are beneficial to passengers in helping them provide valuable emergency evacuation guidance.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is the interaction force between the pedestrian and the wall , and the formula is similar as : is a small random force. Its size follows the normal distribution and direction is perpendicular to the direction of velocity [25].…”

Section: Social Force Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

Tian

2020

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…Therefore, the implementation of effective intervention strategies for the dense population at the entrance of the bottleneck is the top priority of the safety management of public places. Among them, the physical intervention strategy is to restrict the flow of the crowd by adding physical barriers such as railings and obstacles in front of the bottleneck entrance to achieve the purpose of adjusting the temporal and spatial distribution of crowd movement, including the arrangement of serpentine lines [1], the placement of channelized railings/iron horses [2,3], the placement of obstacles of different shapes [4], and a combination of the above methods. However, physical intervention measures separate and restrict the movement space of pedestrians at the bottleneck, which may cause certain interference to crowd movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Risk of Crowds in the Entrance Confluence Area in the Presence of Channelizing Facilities

et al. 2022

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In recent years, the measures to interfere the crowds movement with physical facilities (such as channelizing, separation railing) have become more and more common, but how they affect the crowd movement and what moving risks exist in the entrance confluence area have not been fully revealed. Therefore, this paper analyzes the moving risk of the crowds before the bottleneck entrance area, in the presence of the channelizing barriers by controllable laboratory experiments. The visual color cloud charts of the local density, speed and confusion degree of moving directions within the entrance confluence area are analyzed in the presence of different gaps (1.05m and 0.7m) channelizing barriers, to further quantify the motion risk of the crowds. The study finds that the narrower gaps of the channelizing railings, the larger area of high-risk zones, and they have clear ‘lane formation’ effect in shaping the risk zones. The both ends of the channelizing barriers are higher moving risk zones for multi-entry sides conditions, but the area before the middle channels also needs to be closely concerned when the participants entering from two opposite entering sides. The study will provide theoretical basis for evaluating the safety of the setting conditions of the channelizing barriers and conducting scientific crowd management decisions.

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“…Most researchers used one of the main three popular approaches to simulate the high-density crowds including cellular automata model, rule-based model, and social forces model. Many works from many researchers have been done to improve the realism of the simulation [43]. However, these current models are not capable of realistic simulation of high-density crowds [2,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integration of enhanced social force and crowd control models for high-density crowd simulation

Kolivand

Rahim

Sunar

et al. 2020

Neural Comput & Applic

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Social force model is one of the well-known approaches that can successfully simulate pedestrians’ movements realistically. However, it is not suitable to simulate high-density crowd movement realistically due to the model having only three basic crowd characteristics which are goal, attraction, and repulsion. Therefore, it does not satisfy the high-density crowd condition which is complex yet unique, due to its capacity, density, and various demographic backgrounds of the agents. Thus, this research proposes a model that improves the social force model by introducing four new characteristics which are gender, walking speed, intention outlook, and grouping to make simulations more realistic. Besides, the high-density crowd introduces irregular behaviours in the crowd flow, which is stopping motion within the crowd. To handle these scenarios, another model has been proposed that controls each agent with two different states: walking and stopping. Furthermore, the stopping behaviour was categorized into a slow stop and sudden stop. Both of these proposed models were integrated to form a high-density crowd simulation framework. The framework has been validated by using the comparison method and fundamental diagram method. Based on the simulation of 45,000 agents, it shows that the proposed framework has a more accurate average walking speed (0.36 m/s) compared to the conventional social force model (0.61 m/s). Both of these results are compared to the real-world data which is 0.3267 m/s. The findings of this research will contribute to the simulation activities of pedestrians in a highly dense population.

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Method for guiding crowd evacuation at exit: The buffer zone

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

Emergency Evacuation Simulation and Optimization for a Complex Rail Transit Station: A Perspective of Promoting Transportation Safety

Moving Risk of Crowds in the Entrance Confluence Area in the Presence of Channelizing Facilities

An integration of enhanced social force and crowd control models for high-density crowd simulation

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