1986
DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.3.498-503.1986
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Method for determining virus inactivation during sludge treatment processes

Abstract: A simple and reliable method is described which allows determination of virus inactivation rates during sludge treatment processes in situ. Bacteriophage f2 was adsorbed onto an electropositive membrane filter which was then sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes with pores smaller than the virus diameter. The resulting sandwich was fixed in an open filter holder, and several such devices were connected before being exposed in sludge-digesting tanks. The device described prevented uncontrolled virus es… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…This is an important finding, because inactivated cells may be nonculturable during analysis (Gibbs et al, 1997;National Research Council, 2002) and hence be nondetectable, but still cause noncompliance with the Class A requirements after reactivation. Other factors that may potentially contribute to preventing the recurrence of fecal coliforms in postdigestion biosolids are the production of ammonia, VFAs, and possibly other compounds, such as proteases and antibiotics, by the indigenous thermophilic culture (Kato et al, 2001;Traub et al, 1986;Ward and Ashley, 1977;Ward et al, 1999).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is an important finding, because inactivated cells may be nonculturable during analysis (Gibbs et al, 1997;National Research Council, 2002) and hence be nondetectable, but still cause noncompliance with the Class A requirements after reactivation. Other factors that may potentially contribute to preventing the recurrence of fecal coliforms in postdigestion biosolids are the production of ammonia, VFAs, and possibly other compounds, such as proteases and antibiotics, by the indigenous thermophilic culture (Kato et al, 2001;Traub et al, 1986;Ward and Ashley, 1977;Ward et al, 1999).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sandwich technique to determine virus inactivation during exposure in reactors. The method for monitoring virus inactivation during sludge treatment processes has been described previously (18). Briefly, the virus was adsorbed to an electropositively charged Zetapor filter membrane with a pore size of 200 nm (AMF, Cuno Div., Meriden, Conn.) sandwiched between two polycarbonate membranes (Nuclepore Corp., Pleasanton, Calif.) with pores of 15-nm size to prevent loss of virus.…”
Section: (3)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Within the scope of a Swiss National Research Program we therefore examined the fate of human and animal viruses during various sludge treatment processes. The technique used had been established with bacteriophage f2 (18). In this study we tested a human rotavirus, as the most important causative agent of viral gastroenteritis in infants, and coxsackievirus B5, as a representative of the widespread enteroviruses.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Information on bacteriophages in sludges is scarce. However, the data available indicate that they may be a useful tool with which to model the fate of human enteric viruses in sludges (Ohgaki et al 1986;Traub et al 1986;Williams et al 1988;Ketranakul and Ohgaki 1989;Ketranakul et al 1991). In addition, information on the elution of bacteriophages from either sludges or sediments is rare, although both kinds of eluants mentioned above have been used (Williams et al 1988;Jofre et al 1989;Ketranakul and Ohgaki 1989).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%