Method development for determination of migrated phthalate acid esters from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging into traditional Iranian drinking beverage (Doogh) samples: a novel approach of MSPE-GC/MS technique

Abstract

In the current study, a novel magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technique combined with a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was developed to determine the phthalate ester content of bottled Doogh samples. Doogh is a yogurt-based drinking beverage, which is frequently consumed in Middle East and Balkans. It is produced by stirring yogurt in Chern separation machine and consists of substances such as water, yogurt, and salt in addition to aqueous extracts of native herbs. The magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-FeO) were used as adsorbents of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) due to a superior adsorption capability of hydrophobic compounds. In this context, the quantity of the extractable migrated phthalate esters (dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-N-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into Doogh samples was measured. The correlation between the concentration of migrated PAEs and some factors such as the type of Doogh (gaseous and without gas), difference in brand (five brands), volume (1500 and 300 mL), and the storage time also was investigated. The migration level into Doogh samples was increased by incorporating of gas as well as increasing the volume of PET bottles. Also, with elaborating of storage time, the migration of some phthalates such as DEHP (the mean from 2419.85 ng L in the first week to 2716.15 ng L in the second month), DEP, and total phthalate was increased. However, no significant difference in concentrations of migrated phthalate esters among different examined brands was noted. Finally, the concentration of migrated PAEs from bottle into all the examined Doogh samples was below the defined standards by EPA; 6 μg/L for DEHP in drinking water. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

“…For a better understanding of distribution of 16 PAHs among the vegetables and fruits samples marketed Tehran. Multivariate techniques were applied to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs and vegetables and fruits samples 24 . The PCA and HCA was conducted by the SPSS software (Version 18.0; Illinois, USA).…”

“…Therefore, PAH compounds are cleaned from the adsorbents of magnetic with a solvent of organic for further analysis. Finally, the eluted extracts are analyzed using gas or liquid chromatography (GC or HPLC) with different types of detectors 8,14,16 . Furthermore, the technique of MSPE can be joined with dispersion extraction such that rapid mass transfer is obtained because ofthe su cient connection surface area between analyte and sorbent, that is practical and useful to quick equilibrium 17,19 .…”

“…Based on magnetic nanoparticles, MSPE has lately emerged as a talented technique for preparation of sample. In the MSPE technique, adsorbents of magnetic are dispersed regularly and directly in the sample solution [16][17][18] . Furthermore, target compound is adsorbed on the adsorbent and thus is separated from the solution of sample by a magnet of external used out of the vessel of extraction.…”

Assessment of migration regularity of phthalates from food packaging materials

“…PAEs are small molecules that only bound to plastic matrix by hydrogen bond or van der Waals force. That is why they may migrate from packaging materials especially in oil‐ or fat‐containing food (Kiani et al., 2018; Net, Sempere, Delmont, Paluselli, & Ouddane, 2015; Rastkari, Jeddi, Yunesian, & Ahmadkhaniha, 2018). Although PAEs have no obvious acute toxicity in toxicological experiments, long‐term accumulation will damage the internal organs of the body, interfere with the secretion of human hormones, weaken the fertility, and also have potential carcinogenic effects (Min, Liu, Yang, & Chen, 2014; Wang, Zhang, & Wang, 2015).…”

Fabrication of magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites functionalized with a novel chelating ligand for the removal of Cr(VI): Modeling, optimization, and adsorption studies

“…Magnetic graphene oxide can be attracted by an external magnetic field, consequently solving this problem [21][22][23]. Magnetic adsorbents simplify the separation process, make it stronger and faster without the necessity of any additional filtration or centrifugation techniques, which resulted in the elimination of time-consuming process in the preparation of traditional adsorbents [24,25]. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is a chelating ligand which can improve the removal performance of magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites by creating very high metal binding capabilities [5].…”