Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Cattle: Epidemiology and Zoonotic Implications

Joshi, Lok R.; Devkota, Shiva Prasad

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9861

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the situation with bovine mastitis where up to 58% of the SCM in India has been reported to be due to S . aureus [ 42 , 43 ], but similar to observations in dairy cattle in some countries such as Uganda [ 44 ], as well as in modern cattle dairy farms where contagious pathogens have been controlled [ 45 – 48 ]. Higher prevalence of CoNS has also been reported for ovine or caprine mastitis in China, Iran, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, and Sweden [ 49 – 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

et al. 2015

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Buffaloes are the second largest source of milk. Mastitis is a major impediment for milk production, but not much information is available about bubaline mastitis, especially subclinical mastitis. The aim of this study was to (a) investigate the application of various tests for the diagnosis of bubaline subclinical mastitis, (b) identify the major bacteria associated with it, and (c) evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria. To this end, 190 quarter milk samples were collected from 57 domesticated dairy buffaloes from organized (64 samples) and unorganized (126 samples) sectors. Of these, 48.4%, 40.0%, 45.8%, 61.1%, and 61.6% were positive for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell count, electrical conductivity, California mastitis test, bromothymol blue test, and N-acetyl glucosaminidase test, respectively. As compared to the gold standard of somatic cell count, California mastitis test performed the best. However, a combination of the two methods was found to be the best option. Microbiological evaluation, both by biochemical methods as well as by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, revealed that coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most predominant (64.8%) bacteria, followed by streptococci (18.1%), Escherichia coli (9.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). Most of the pathogens were resistant to multiple antibiotics, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. We propose that California mastitis test be combined with somatic cell count for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in domestic dairy buffaloes. Further, our results reveal high resistance of the associated bacteria to the β-lactam class of antibiotics, and a possible major role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing the disease in India.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

et al. 2015

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“…Cefoxitin disc diffusion test is considered superior to oxacillin disc diffusion test due to its ease of reading and higher sensitivity. 12 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRSA causes many infections which in turn result in higher costs, longer treatment times, and higher rates of hospitalization. MRSA infected cattle acts as a reservoir and later transmit the infections to other animals and humans, 12 and it has a clear zoonotic relevance, especially in the case of occupational exposure. The detection of MRSA in bovine milk and dairy cattle herds is increasingly reported worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Tibebu

Belete²,

Tigabu³

et al. 2021

VMRR

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Background Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) has been reported as the most commonly isolated highly contagious pathogen from human, animals and animal products. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen with zoonotic potential that could have devastating consequence for the health and well-being of animals and human. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 233 samples from cow milk, udder swabs and milkers’ hand swabs were collected for culture and identification based on the standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for all isolates by using Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion test. MRSA was detected by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results S. aureus was isolated from 50 (21.46%) of 233 samples and the prevalence of MRSA was 4%. The highest prevalence was found in cow milk 36 (25.53%) followed by hand swabs 10 (19.23%) and udder swabs 4 (10%). S. aureus prevalence was 58.33%, 30.0%, 21.43%, 17.92%, 15.79% in farm D, C, E, A, B respectively. A large percentage (58.33% and 30%) were from farm D and C. S. aureus isolation rate showed statistically significant association with farm types (p = 0.011) and with previous mastitis exposure (p = 0.001). High level of resistance was observed to penicillin (94%) and ampicillin (92%), but low level resistance to gentamicin (0%), amikacin (0%), ceftriaxone (0%), chloramphenicol (4%), ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin (4%). The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 10.42%. Conclusion Prevalence of S. aureus in milk showed statistically significant association with respect to previous mastitis exposure and farm types (p = 0.011). High level of resistant to penicillin and ampicillin was observed. Therefore, effective mastitis control programs, best veterinary practice among all farms and use of antibiotics in the farm should be strictly controlled.

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“…4 The most prevalent and well-known cause of mastitis in dairy cows is Staphylococcus aureus. 23 Staphylococcal SCM is very common in Asian countries [24][25][26][27] as well as different parts of Nepal like Chitwan, 14,28 Pokhara, 29 Lamjung 13 and Bhaktapur. 30 Economic impact of the Staphylococcal SCM is one part, the other is potential zoonotic risk brought about by contaminated raw milk and antibiotic residues as a consequence of drug therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals of Chitwan, Nepal

Tiwari¹,

Subedi²,

Bhandari³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Subclinical mastitis (SCM), the asymptomatic inflammation of breast tissue, is the most common form of mastitis in livestock. SCM prevalence and risk factors in dairy animals in Western Chitwan, Bagmati Province, Nepal, were the primary objectives of this study. Out of 243 dairy animals, 104 representing 42.8% were positive for SCM in the California mastitis test (CMT) in the study area. At the quarter level, out of 972 active quarters tested for SCM, 188 (19.3%) were positive to CMT test. The prevalence of Staphylococcal SCM was 39.92% (97/243) and 18.21% (177/972) at animal level and quarter level, respectively. Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (46.33%) was the most prevalent Staphylococcus to cause SCM at quarter level. While at animal level, SCM due to occurrence of both S. aureus and CNS (36.08%) in an individual was more common. High susceptibility towards Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Gentamicin was seen against both isolates. Low resistance against Amikacin and Ceftriaxone was seen against both isolates. Ciprofloxacin (41.2% vs 27.4%) and Gentamicin (37.8% vs 23.2%) were more resistance towards CNS whereas Enrofloxacin (41.1% vs 25.2%) and Tetracycline (36.8% vs 15.1%) were more resistant towards S. aureus. Older aged, multiparous and late lactating animals had the highest prevalence of staphylococcal SCM i.e., 58.1%, 56% and 52.6%, respectively. The study concludes that there is a high prevalence of Staphylococcal SCM in Western Chitwan, Nepal. CNS is the most common mastitis pathogen. Increased antimicrobial resistance to S. aureus and CNS could be the result of the indiscriminate use of antibiotic drugs without an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST). This study emphasizes the importance of ongoing antibiotic surveillance, excellent farm and animal hygiene, and suitable housing and feeding management.

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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in Cattle: Epidemiology and Zoonotic Implications

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals of Chitwan, Nepal

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