Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review

Abstract

Staphylococcus genus is a Gram-positive coccus normally associated with skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. It is part of the commensal human microflora, or found in animals, or contaminating surfaces in the community and hospital settings. Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic species belonging to this genus, as it possesses a collection of virulence factors that are expressed solely to evade the immune system. The increase in the misuse of antimicrobial agents predisposed S. aureus to develop antibiotic resistance, including the resistance to methicillin which led to the emergence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA is considered one of the most dangerous nosocomial pathogens causing many hard to treat infections in hospitals and was named as Hospital Associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Over the past 20-25 years, MRSA was isolated from community settings and thus Community Associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has emerged. Inside hospitals, MRSA has been isolated from fomites in contact with patients, as well as staff's protective and personal items. This review highlights the worldwide prevalence of MRSA on fomites within the contexts of hospital and community settings.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of silver-decorated zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by a gamma irradiation-coupled sol–gel method against some pathogenic bacteria from medical operating room surfaces

“…3 Touch surfaces usually located in hospital rooms, such as bed tracks, chairs, door handles, and dispensers (alcohol gel, paper towel, detergent), are contaminated with some pathogenic bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 4 One of the promising approaches to manage pathogenic bacteria is the application of nanoparticle (NP) therapeutics and nanostructured-based coating materials for controlling bacterial contamination in some medical devices. 5 Owing to the current attraction to nd new antimicrobial products that have specic features like the ability to ght multidrug-resistant bacteria, it is essential to improve the successful methods used to screen and quantify the antimicrobial impact of the treatments regarding their applications in human health, agriculture, and the environment.…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ecuador and Associated Risk Factors

“…27 The differences in MRSA colonization prevalence are not easy to explain but could be related to differences in local infection control measures, frequency of antibiotic use in the population, sensitivity of the method used for detecting MRSA strains, and the characteristics of the sample population. [28][29][30][31] Identifying risk factors for MRSA carriers remains crucial for control programs that apply a targeted screening approach, for instance a "search and destroy" policy. 32 A key risk factor in our study was sex (being male).…”

Discovery of a novel antibacterial protein CB6-C to target methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem globally and has become one of the crises affecting human safety. Among these resistant bacteria, MRSA can cause a variety of bacterial infections in humans and animals and lead to a series of foodborne poisoning events [ 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, a safe and efficient treatment for MRSA infection is crucial to ensure human food safety and public health.…”