Methane emissions from sheep

Pelchen, Arthur; Peters, Kurt J.

doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(97)00031-x

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…66.45) kJ/MJ. This value was close to the mean value of 72.2 kJ/MJ reported by Pelchen and Peters (1998), and was very close to the value of 65 kJ/MJ suggested by the IPCC (2006) for cattle fed with less than 90% concentrate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs

Tiemann

Lascano

Wettstein

et al. 2008

Animal

131

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The objective of this study was to test whether the use of tannin-rich shrub legume forage is advantageous for methane mitigation and metabolic protein supply at unchanged energy supply when supplemented in combination with tannin-free legumes to sheep. In a 6 3 6 Latin-square design, foliage of two tannin-rich shrub legume species (Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla) were used to replace either 1/3 or 2/3, respectively, of a herbaceous high-quality legume (Vigna unguiculata) in a diet composed of the tropical grass Brachiaria brizantha and Vigna in a ratio of 0.55 : 0.45. A Brachiaria-only diet served as the negative control. Each experimental period lasted for 28 days, with week 3 serving for balance measurement and data collection inclusive of a 2-day stay of the sheep in open-circuit respiration chambers for measurement of gaseous exchange. While Vigna supplementation improved protein and energy utilisation, the response to the partial replacement with tannin-rich legumes was less clear. The apparent total tract digestibilities of organic matter, NDF and ADF were reduced when the tannin-rich plants partially replaced Vigna, and the dose-response relationships were mainly linear. The tannin-rich plants caused the expected redistribution of more faecal N in relation to urinary N. While Flemingia addition still led to a net body N retention, even when fed at the higher proportion, adding higher amounts of Calliandra resulted in body protein mobilisation in the growing lambs. With respect to energy, supplementation of Vigna alone improved utilisation, while this effect was absent when a tannin-rich plant was added. The inclusion of the tannin-rich plants reduced methane emission per day and per unit of feed and energy intake by up to 24% relative to the Vigna-only-supplemented diet, but this seems to have been mostly the result of a reduced organic matter and fibre digestion. In conclusion, Calliandra seems less apt as protein supplement for ruminants while Flemingia could partially replace a high-quality legume in tropical livestock systems. However, methane mitigation would be small due to associated reductions in N and energy retention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…62.01) g per animal and was hence only between 0.6-0.5 of the mean reported in the literature for growing lambs (Pelchen and Peters, 1998;Hess et al 2004). However, the animals used in the present study had slightly lower BW (18 to 32 kg compared with 25 to 45 kg of BW) and were fed diets with comparably limited digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs

Tiemann

Lascano

Wettstein

et al. 2008

Animal

131

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“…This is because the OM digestion, fermentation and production of short-chain VFAs of forages are mainly dependent on their structural factors and the relative proportion of cell types present in their tissues, and the existence of factors restricting microbial access to walls (Van Soest 1994). On the other hand, increasing protein in the diet is expected to decrease methane emission because of direct negative association of protein with methane (Table 7) or the replacement in the diet of methanogenic carbohydrate with protein (Pelchen and Peters 1998).…”

Section: Production Of Methane and Other Fermentation End Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production of tropical perennial grass species

Gemeda

Hassen

2014

Crop Pasture Sci.

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Abstract. This study characterised 16 tropical perennial grass species in terms of in vitro methane output and related their digestibility and rumen fermentation with methane output. The grass samples were collected, dried in a forced oven, and ground and analysed for nutrient composition. In vitro gas production and organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure gas production through in vitro incubation at 398C. Anthephora argentea and Stipagrostis ciliate produced the highest concentration of methane in terms of g kg -1 digestible dry matter (DDM) and g kg -1 digestible organic matter (IVOMD). Cenchrus ciliaris, Setaria verticillata and Panicum coloratum produced the lowest (P < 0.05) methane when expressed in terms of g kg -1 DDM and g kg -1 IVOMD. Ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, and crude protein were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production positively correlated with neutral and acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose. It is important to focus on screening and selecting perennial grass with higher nitrogen content and low methane production to mitigate methane production under tropical conditions.

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“…This is probably owing to the higher DMD of diets fed to breeding and lactating milk goat does. Pelchen & Peters (1998) reported a rise in sheep methane emissions (g/day) with an increase in digestibility of rations up to approximately 72% DMD, with a significant decrease in methane emissions if diet DMD was increased above 72%.…”

Section: Milk Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are often based on assumptions of animals utilizing highly digestible diets and temperate forages (Mills et al, 2001) that are not representative of South African production systems. Pelchen & Peters (1998) reviewed methane emissions from sheep, and found that estimations of the rate of methane emission from sheep vary widely among authors, which emphasises the use of country-specific emissions factors for inventory purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct greenhouse gas emissions of the South African small stock sectors

Toit¹,

Niekerk²,

Meissner³

2014

SA J. An. Sci.

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There are increasing concerns about the impact of agriculture and livestock production on the environment. As a result, it is important to have accurate estimations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if reduction measures are to be established. In this study the direct GHG emissions from South African sheep and goats during 2010 were calculated. Calculations were done per province and in total. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, adapted for tropical production systems, was used to calculate methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions on a Tier 2 level. Small stock is a key methane emission source in the South African livestock sector, and is responsible for an estimated 15.6% of the total livestock emissions. Small stock contributed an estimated 207.7 Giga gram (Gg) to the total livestock methane emissions in South Africa in 2010, with sheep producing 167 Gg and goats producing 40.7 Gg. Calculated enteric methane emission factors for both commercial and communal sheep of 8.5 kg/head/year and 6.1 kg/head/year, respectively, were higher than the IPCC default value of 5 kg CH 4 /head/year for developing countries. A similar tendency was found with goat emission factors. The highest sheep and goat methane emissions were reported for the Eastern Cape province, primarily because of animal numbers. ________________________________________________________________________________

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Methane emissions from sheep

Cited by 67 publications

References 63 publications

Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs

Effect of the tropical tannin-rich shrub legumes Calliandra calothyrsus and Flemingia macrophylla on methane emission and nitrogen and energy balance in growing lambs

In vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production of tropical perennial grass species

Direct greenhouse gas emissions of the South African small stock sectors

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