Methane emissions from a landfill measured by eddy correlation using a fast response diode laser sensor

Hovde, D. C.; Stanton, Alan C.; Meyers, Tilden P.; Matt, D. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00696555

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The eddy covariance technique has not been as widely used in landfill gas emission studies as in other research fields because of its requirement for a relatively flat site and a large fetch. However, there have been a few studies documented in the literature in which it has been used successfully to quantify landfill methane emissions on a short‐term basis [ Hovde et al , ; Tregoures et al, ; Fowler and Muller , ; Lohila et al , ; Eugster and Plüss , ; Schroth et al , ]. The eddy covariance method provides a spatially weighted average emission rate over its footprint area in the upwind direction [ Kljun et al , ], but it does not provide total methane emission from the whole landfill, which is the information landfill owners and government agencies need to know.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, there is only one study in the literature that tried to quantify landfill methane emissions on a continuous and long‐term basis (about 6 months) with the eddy covariance method [ Lohila et al , ], although a few studies did use the eddy covariance method at landfills but only on a short‐term field campaign basis ranging from a few hours to 2 weeks [ Hovde et al , ; Tregoures et al, ; Fowler and Muller , ; Eugster and Plüss , ; Schroth et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Lin

Amen

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

103

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Landfill methane emissions were measured continuously using the eddy covariance method from June to December 2010. The study site was located at the Bluff Road Landfill in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Our results show that landfill methane emissions strongly depended on changes in barometric pressure; rising barometric pressure suppressed the emission, while falling barometric pressure enhanced the emission, a phenomenon called barometric pumping. There was up to a 35-fold variation in day-to-day methane emissions due to changes in barometric pressure. Wavelet coherence analysis revealed a strong spectral coherency between variations of barometric pressure and methane emission at periodicities ranging from 1 day to 8 days. Power spectrum and ogive analysis showed that at least 10 days of continuous measurements was needed in order to capture 90% of the total variance in the methane emission time series at our landfill site. From our results, it is clear that point-in-time measurements taken at monthly or longer time intervals using techniques such as the trace plume method, the mass balance method, or the closed-chamber method will be subject to large variations in measured emission rates because of the barometric pumping phenomenon. Estimates of long-term integrated methane emissions from landfills based on such measurements could yield uncertainties, ranging from 28.8% underestimation to 32.3% overestimation. Our results demonstrate a need for continuous measurements to quantify annual total landfill emissions. This conclusion may apply to the study of methane emissions from wetlands, peatlands, lakes, and other environmental contexts where emissions are from porous media or ebullition. Other implications from the present study for hazard gas monitoring programs are also discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Lin

Amen

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Measured CH 4 emission rates of a whole landfill have been on average 0.19-5.4 gCH 4 m −2 h −1 (0.006-0.18 m 3 m −2 d −1 at STP; e.g. Börjesson et al, 2000;Czepiel et al, 1996b;Galle et al, 2001;Hovde et al, 1995;Morris et al, 1999;Mosher et al, 1999;Pokryszka et al, 1995;Savanne et al, 1997;Scharff and Hensen, 1999) although local and seasonal variation may be significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Landfill Methane Oxidation in Engineered Soil Columns at Low Temperature

Kettunen

Einola

Rintala

2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Though engineered covers have been suggested for reducing landfill methane emissions via microbial methane oxidation, little is known about the covers' function at low temperature. This study aimed to determine the methane consumption rates of engineered soil columns at low temperature (4-12 • C) and to identify soil characteristics that may enhance methane oxidation in the field. Engineered soils (30 cm thick) were mixtures of sewage sludge compost and de-inking waste, amended with sand (SDS soil) or bark chips (SDB soil). At 4-6 • C, we achieved rates of 0.09 gCH 4 kgTS −1 d −1 (0.02 m 3 m −2 d −1 ) and 0.06 gCH 4 kgTS −1 d −1 (0.009 m 3 m −2 d −1 ) with SDS and SDB soils, respectively. With SDS, good movement and exchange of oxygen in porous soil moderated the slowdown of microbial activity so that the rate dropped only by half as temperature declined from 21-23 • C to 4-6 • C. In SDB, wet bark chips reduced the soil's air-filled porosity and intensified non-methanotrophic microbial activity, thus reducing the methane consumption rate at 4-6 • C to one fourth of that at 21-23 • C. In conclusion, soil characteristics such as air-filled porosity, water holding capacity, quantity and stabilization of organic amendments that affect the movement and exchange of oxygen are important variables in designing engineered covers for high methane oxidation at low temperature.

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“…Emissions equal the gross CH 4 production reduced by oxidation, recovery, lateral migration, and partitioning to internal storage, as shown in equation (1). Results from a limited number of whole landfill CH 4 emissions measurements in Europe, the United States, and South Africa exhibit about 1 order of magnitude variation—from 0.1 to 1.0 tonnes CH 4 ha −1 d −1 (equivalent to 0.03 to 0.3 g CH 4 m −2 d −1 ) [ Nozhevnikova et al , 1993; Hovde et al , 1995; Borjesson , 1996; Czepiel et al , 1996b; Mosher et al , 1999; Tregoures et al , 1999; Galle et al , 2001; Morris , 2001]. Because detailed CH 4 mass balance data exist only for the French sites discussed above, previous estimates of global landfill CH 4 emissions have tended to focus on CH 4 production alone, with the exception of some developed countries where recovery and oxidation have been included in the bulk estimates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global methane emissions from landfills: New methodology and annual estimates 1980–1996

Bogner¹,

Matthews

2003

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

149

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[1] Significant interannual variations in the growth rate of atmospheric CH 4 justify the development of an improved methodology for landfill emissions, the largest anthropogenic source in many developed countries. A major problem is that reliable solid waste data often do not exist, especially for developing countries where emissions are increasing. Here we develop and apply a new proxy method to reconstruct historical estimates for annual CH 4 emissions for the period 1980-1996. Using composited solid waste data from 1975-1995, we developed linear regressions for waste generation per capita based on energy consumption per capita, a surrogate which reflects population and affluence, the major determinants of solid waste generation rates. Using total population (developed countries) or urban population (developing countries), annual landfill CH 4 emissions were estimated using a modified Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. Methane recovery was modeled by fitting historic data to time-dependent linear relationships. Two scenarios for global emissions using the surrogate were compared to two scenarios using an IPCC standard methodology. Results from all four scenarios range from 16 to 57 Tg CH 4 yr À1 , a similar range as previous estimates. We support the use of the lower energy surrogate scenario (A) with annual emissions of 16-20 Tg CH 4 yr À1 , both positive and negative annual variations, and commercial recovery >15% by 1996. The surrogate provides a reasonable methodology for a large number of countries where data do not exist, a consistent methodology for both developed and developing countries, and a procedure which facilitates annual updates using readily available data.

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Methane emissions from a landfill measured by eddy correlation using a fast response diode laser sensor

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Impact of changes in barometric pressure on landfill methane emission

Landfill Methane Oxidation in Engineered Soil Columns at Low Temperature

Global methane emissions from landfills: New methodology and annual estimates 1980–1996

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