Methane and Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in a Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Yavitt, Joseph B.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Simmons, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900030023x

Cited by 129 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…Crill, 1991;Fernandez et al, 1993;Yavitt et al, 1995), including work at the Harvard Forest (Bowden et al, 1993;Peterjohn et al, 1994). The Q 10 values (from 158C to 258C, at 50% of soil moisture capacity) of 2.03 for the forest¯oor and 2.39 for the mineral soil are within the range of 1.4 to 3.8 reported for a variety of temperate forest soils (Schlesinger, 1977;Dorr and Munnich, 1987;Crill, 1991;Kicklighter et al, 1994).…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 57%

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Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions

Bowden

Newkirk

Rullo

1998

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

214

117

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SummaryÐCarbon dioxide and methane are important greenhouse gases whose exchange rates between soils and the atmosphere are controlled strongly by soil temperature and moisture. We made a laboratory investigation to quantify the relative importance of soil moisture and temperature on¯uxes of CO 2 and CH 4 between forest soils and the atmosphere. Forest¯oor and mineral soil material were collected from a mixed hardwood forest at the Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research Site (MA) and were incubated in the laboratory under a range of moisture (air-dry to nearly saturated) and temperature conditions (5±258C). Carbon dioxide emissions increased exponentially with increasing temperature in forest¯oor material, with emissions reduced at the lowest and highest soil moisture contents. The forest¯oor Q 10 of 2.03 (from 15±258C) suggests that CO 2 emissions were controlled primarily by soil biological activity. Forest¯oor CO 2 emissions were predicted with a multiple polynomial regression model (r 2 =0.88) of temperature and moisture, but the ®t predicting mineral soil respiration was weaker (r 2 =0.59). Methane uptake was controlled strongly by soil moisture, with reduced¯uxes under conditions of very low or very high soil moisture contents. A multiple polynomial model accurately described CH 4 uptake by mineral soil material (r 2 =0.81), but only weakly (r 2 =0.45) predicted uptake by forest¯oor material. The mineral soil Q 10 of 1.11 for CH 4 uptake indicates that methane uptake is controlled primarily by physical processes. Our work suggests that inclusion of both moisture and temperature can improve predictions of soil CO 2 and CH 4 exchanges between soils and the atmosphere. Additionally, global change models need to consider interactions of temperature and moisture in evaluating e ects of global climate change on trace gas¯uxes. #

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Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 57%

“…Whalen et al, 1990;Striegl et al, 1992;Adamsen and King, 1993;Koschorreck and Conrad, 1993;Castro et al, 1995;Yavitt et al, 1995).…”

Section: Methanementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions

Bowden

Newkirk

Rullo

1998

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

214

117

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“…Although the pMMO2 presumably allows type II methanotrophs to survive in dry upland soils for extended periods by consuming atmospheric methane, the overall activity response of strain SC2 during incubation at 1.75 ppmv CH 4 , including the slight decline in cell numbers, implies that these methanotrophic bacteria may not be sufficiently oligotrophic for permanent activity in this type of soil. Rather, the presence of two pMMO isozymes with different thresholds for methane oxidation suggests that these organisms play an important role in consuming atmospheric methane if their growth is periodically supported by methane produced in anoxic microsites, in anoxic deep soil layers, or during temporary flooding (11,(27)(28)(29). In support of this view, Methylocystis spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Two isozymes of particulate methane monooxygenase with different methane oxidation kinetics are found in Methylocystis sp. strain SC2

Baani

Liesack

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

240

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Methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) attenuate methane emission from major sources, such as wetlands, rice paddies, and landfills, and constitute the only biological sink for atmospheric methane in upland soils. Their key enzyme is particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO), which converts methane to methanol. It has long been believed that methane at the trace atmospheric mixing ratio of 1.75 parts per million by volume (ppmv) is not oxidized by the methanotrophs cultured to date, but rather only by some uncultured methanotrophs, and that type I and type II methanotrophs contain a single type of pMMO. Here, we show that the type II methanotroph Methylocystis sp. strain SC2 possesses two pMMO isozymes with different methane oxidation kinetics. The pmoCAB1 genes encoding the known type of pMMO (pMMO1) are expressed and pMMO1 oxidizes methane only at mixing ratios >600 ppmv. The pmoCAB2 genes encoding pMMO2, in contrast, are constitutively expressed, and pMMO2 oxidizes methane at lower mixing ratios, even at the trace level of atmospheric methane. Wild-type strain SC2 and mutants expressing pmoCAB2 but defective in pmoCAB1 consumed atmospheric methane for >3 months. Growth occurred at 10 -100 ppmv methane. Most type II but no type I methanotrophs possess the pmoCAB2 genes. The apparent K m of pMMO2 (0.11 M) in strain SC2 corresponds well with the K m(app) values for methane oxidation measured in soils that consume atmospheric methane, thereby explaining why these soils are dominated by type II methanotrophs, and some by Methylocystis spp., in particular. These findings change our concept of methanotroph ecology.atmospheric methane ͉ methanotrophs ͉ pmoA

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“…from 3.5 to 8.0 indicated that both methane consumption and production had pH optima generally 0.5-2 units above the native pH (Dunfield et al 1993). Methane fluxes were similar in limed and control plots of a hardwood forest (Yavitt et al 1995).…”

Section: Production and Consumption Of Methanementioning

confidence: 90%

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

Topp¹,

Pattey²

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

191

115

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1997. Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 167-178. Methane is considered to be a significant greenhouse gas. Methane is produced in soils as the end product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In the absence of oxygen, methane is very stable, but under aerobic conditions it is mineralized to carbon dioxide by methanotrophic bacteria. Soil methane emissions, primarily from natural wetlands, landfills and rice paddies, are estimated to represent about half of the annual global methane production. Oxidation of atmospheric methane by well-drained soils accounts for about 10% of the global methane sink. Whether a soil is a net source or sink for methane depends on the relative rates of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity. A number of factors including pH, Eh, temperature and moisture content influence methane transforming bacterial populations and soil fluxes. Several techniques are available for measuring methane fluxes. Flux estimation is complicated by spatial and temporal variability. Soil management can impact methane transformations. For example, landfilling of organic matter can result in significant methane emissions, whereas some cultural practices such as nitrogen fertilization inhibit methane oxidation by agricultural soils.Key words: Methane, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, soil, flux measurement Topp, E. et Pattey, E. 1997. Le sol considéré comme source d'émission de méthane dans l'atmosphère. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 167-178. Le méthane est considéré comme gaz à effet de serre important : c'est le produit terminal de la décomposition de la matière organique en conditions anaérobies. En l'absence d'oxygène, il est très stable, mais en aérobiose, il est minéralisé en gaz carbonique par les bactéries méthanotrophes. Les émissions de méthane provenant surtout des terres humides naturelles, des décharges et des rizières représenteraient environ la moitié de la production annuelle de méthane dans la planète. Par ailleurs l'oxydation de méthane de l'atmosphère par les sols bien drainés compteraient pour environ 10 % du méthane stocké. Que le sol soit une source ou un puits d'accumulation nette de méthane, dépend des taux relatifs des activités méthanogéniques et méthan-otrophiques. Un certain nombre de facteurs, notamment, pH, Eh, la température et le niveau hydrique du sol, influent sur les populations bactériennes qui transforment le méthane ainsi que sur le flux de méthane dans le sol. On dispose de plusieurs techniques pour mesurer le flux de méthane, mais l'estimation de ces flux est compliquée par leur variabilité dans le temps et dans l'espace. Il y a aussi le mode de conduite du sol : ainsi par exemple, la mise en décharge des matières organiques peut provoquer d'importantes émissions de méthane, mais l'inverse quelques pratiques culturales comme le fumier et la fumure azotée entravent l'oxydation du méthane par les terres agricoles.

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Methane and Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in a Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions

Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes by a forest soil under laboratory-controlled moisture and temperature conditions

Two isozymes of particulate methane monooxygenase with different methane oxidation kinetics are found in Methylocystis sp. strain SC2

Soils as sources and sinks for atmospheric methane

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