Metformin

Rodriguez, Julie; Hiel, Sophie; Delzenne, Nathalie M.

doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000468

Cited by 96 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is consistent with the hypothesis that changes in substrate availability in the lumen lead to bacterial abundance changes, as observed in our study. Our observation is supported by previous studies reporting that Metformin improved intestinal glucose sensing, as well as enhanced production of SCFA and gut peptides [41], even when the nutrient intake among members of PRE and T2D−M groups was similar. Currently, there is evidence suggesting that gut microbiota has an active role in the antidiabetic effects of pharmacological treatments [14]; so far, the most studied drug is metformin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

et al. 2020

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In this work, we studied 217 Mexican subjects divided into six groups with different stages of glucose intolerance: 76 Controls (CO), 54 prediabetes (PRE), 14 T2D no medication (T2D−No−M), 14 T2D with Metformin (T2D−M), 22 T2D with polypharmacy (T2D−P), and 37 T2D with polypharmacy and insulin (T2D−P+I). We aimed to determine differences in the gut microbiota diversity for each condition. At the phylum level, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes outline major changes in the gut microbiota. The gut bacterial richness and diversity of individuals in the T2D−No−M group were lesser than other groups. Interestingly, we found a significant difference in the beta diversity of the gut microbiota among all groups. Higher abundance was found for Comamonadaceae in PRE, and Sutterella spp. in T2D−No−M. In addition, we found associations of specific microbial taxa with clinical parameters. Finally, we report predicted metabolic pathways of gut microbiota linked to T2D−M and PRE conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that each group has specific predicted metabolic characteristics and gut bacteria populations for each phenotype. The results of this study could be used to define strategies to modulate gut microbiota through noninvasive treatments, such as dietary intervention, probiotics or prebiotics, and to improve glucose tolerance of individuals with prediabetes or T2D.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies have shown that metformin modulates the gut microbiota composition by increasing the growth of some bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila , Escherichia spp. or Lactobacillus and by decreasing the levels of some other bacteria such as Intestinibacter [ 57 ]. However, metformin treatment has adverse effects such as diarrhea, nausea, heartburn and gas and it may negatively influence the gut microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Aronia, Red Ginseng, Shiitake Mushroom and Nattokinase Potentiated Insulin Secretion and Reduced Insulin Resistance with Improving Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Insulin Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Rats

et al. 2018

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The combination of freeze-dried aronia, red ginseng, ultraviolet-irradiated shiitake mushroom and nattokinase (AGM; 3.4:4.1:2.4:0.1) was examined to evaluate its effects on insulin resistance, insulin secretion and the gut microbiome in a non-obese type 2 diabetic animal model. Pancreatectomized (Px) rats were provided high fat diets supplemented with either (1) 0.5 g AGM (AGM-L), (2) 1 g AGM (AGM-H), (3) 1 g dextrin (control), or (4) 1 g dextrin with 120 mg metformin (positive-control) per kg body weight for 12 weeks. AGM (1 g) contained 6.22 mg cyanidin-3-galactose, 2.5 mg ginsenoside Rg3 and 244 mg β-glucan. Px rats had decreased bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femur and lean body mass in the hip and leg compared to the normal-control and AGM-L and AGM-H prevented the decrease. Visceral fat mass was lower in the control group than the normal-control group and its decrease was smaller with AGM-L and AGM-H. HOMA-IR was lower in descending order of the control, positive-control, AGM-L, AGM-H and normal-control groups. Glucose tolerance deteriorated in the control group and was improved by AGM-L and AGM-H more than in the positive-control group. Glucose tolerance is associated with insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Insulin tolerance indicated insulin resistance was highly impaired in diabetic rats, but it was improved in the ascending order of the positive-control, AGM-L and AGM-H. Insulin secretion capacity, measured by hyperglycemic clamp, was much lower in the control group than the normal-control group and it was improved in the ascending order of the positive-control, AGM-L and AGM-H. Diabetes modulated the composition of the gut microbiome and AGM prevented the modulation of gut microbiome. In conclusion, AGM improved glucose metabolism by potentiating insulin secretion and reducing insulin resistance in insulin deficient type 2 diabetic rats. The improvement of diabetic status alleviated body composition changes and prevented changes of gut microbiome composition.

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“…Metformin also exerts anti-inflammatory effects [ 29 , 30 ]. It was recently reported that these effects might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota [ 31 ]. These results suggest that metformin can be used for the treatment of cancer.…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Drugs Used For Treating Commomentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Drugs for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

Matsushita

Kawaguchi

2018

Journal of Oncology

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Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive T cell therapies, have contributed to better outcomes in cancer patients. However, there are still many cancers with no cure. Therefore, combinations of several treatment strategies are being explored, and enhancing anticancer immunity will play an important role to combat the disease. There have been several reports on the immune-modulatory effects of commonly used drugs, namely, statin, metformin, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which suggest that these drugs could enhance immunity against cancer cells. Other anticancer drugs, such as anthracyclines, thalidomides, lenalidomides, and hypomethylating drugs, could also strengthen the immune system to attack cancer cells at a relatively low dose. Hence, these drugs might contribute to better outcomes in cancer patients.

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Metformin

Cited by 96 publications

References 35 publications

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

Combination of Aronia, Red Ginseng, Shiitake Mushroom and Nattokinase Potentiated Insulin Secretion and Reduced Insulin Resistance with Improving Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Insulin Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Immunomodulatory Effects of Drugs for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy

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