Metastatic retinoblastoma of the parotid and submandibular glands: a rare case report

Wang, Ping; Li, Yangjun; Zhang, Shaobo; Cheng, Qilin; Zhang, Qiong; He, Liyun

doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0627-8

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[1] They form 5% of the primary skeletal tumors. [2] Metastasis though uncommon is usually seen with recurrences. Curettage with intralesional adjuvant therapy with polymethylmethacrylate, liquid nitrogen, and bone graft has been successfully used to reduce recurrences while preserving function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to various studies, RB could metastasize within 6 months of onset of symptoms, if left untreated. [2] Therefore, delay in diagnosis may result in poorer outcome. We have analyzed the clinicopathological profile of children diagnosed with RB in our institute, primarily to understand the epidemiology and also to study the relationship between advanced disease and delayed presentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and clinical features of retinoblastoma

Padma

Kumar

Nesargi

et al. 2020

South Asian J Cancer

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Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a prototype of heritable cancers. It is more common in the lower socioeconomic strata. Delayed presentation significantly reduces the overall outcome. We have analyzed the epidemiological and clinical data of children who were diagnosed with RB between the years 2009 and 2014. Aim: RB being a disease of the poor, delayed presentation is common due to lack of awareness. We have analyzed the epidemiological profile of our patients and tried to establish the link between delayed presentation and the presence of high-risk features. High-risk features are associated with higher chance of metastasis and poor rates of vision salvage in RB. Methodology: Data were collected in a retrospective manner from the patient case files retrieved from the Medical Records Department, Kidwai cancer Institute. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software (IBM Corp. released 2016, IBM SPSS statistics software for Mac OS, version 24, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: A total of 53 patients were diagnosed with RB in the years 2009–2014. There was a male predominance with 1.2:1 incidence. Bilateral RB was present in 21 cases. The mean age of children with bilateral RB was 2.1 years, against 1.5 years in unilateral cases. High-risk features such as optic nerve invasion, choroidal invasion, intracranial extension, and orbital involvement were found in 12, 6, 5, and 5 eyes, respectively. Bone marrow involvement was detected in 5% and lung metastasis in 2%. Intracranial involvement was found in 10.4% and cerebrospinal fluid positivity in 15%. Children with high-risk features had a significant delay in presentation in comparison to those without high-risk features ( P = 0.035). Conclusion: Incidence of metastatic disease and delayed presentation is still high in developing countries. Routine eye examination during vaccination visits can ensure early diagnosis and appropriate referral in many of these children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical features of retinoblastoma

Padma

Kumar

Nesargi

et al. 2020

South Asian J Cancer

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“…With these treatments, the 5-year survival rate of RB patients has greatly improved. However, the mortality of RB is still as high as 70% in developing countries because of the occurrence of advanced and metastatic tumors, accounting for approximately 9-11% (Balmer et al, 2006;Dimaras et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Noncoding RNA TRPM2-AS Promotes the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Retinoblastoma via miR-497/WEE1 Axis

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit vital roles in many types of cancer, including retinoblastoma (RB), the most common primary intraocular malignancy tumor of infancy. A novel lncRNA TRPM2-AS has been demonstrated to be related to multiple cancers; however, its role in RB remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of TRPM2-AS in RB. In this study, TRPM2-AS expression in 35 human RB tissues and RB cell lines was detected by real-time PCR. And, the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological characteristics of RB patients was analyzed. RB cells’ proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle were explored after silencing TRPM2-AS. The mechanism of TRPM2-AS in RB was focused on miR-497/WEE1 axis. Additionally, the role and mechanism of TRPM2-AS were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. We found TRPM2-AS expression was enhanced in RB tissues and cells. And, higher TRPM2-AS expression was related to advanced clinical stage and optic nerve invasion in patients. Downregulation of TRPM2-AS significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, elevated apoptosis, attenuated G2/M phase arrest in RB cells, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. TRPM2-AS acted as a ceRNA for miR-497 to positively regulate WEE1 expression. miR-497 inhibitor or WEE1 overexpression dramatically reversed the effects of TRPM2-AS downregulating on the malignant phenotypes of RB cells. Therefore, TRPM2-AS is an oncogenic lncRNA in RB, and it functions largely through the miR-497/WEE1 pathway. Despite the limited sample size, this study indicates that TRPM2-AS may be a candidate target in RB therapies.

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“…In addition, studies have confirmed that RB metastasizes to the parotid glands and submandibular lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels, but there are few previous case reports. 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, there have been some reports of successful RB treatment in the metastatic stage. Wang et al, 9 Purkayastha et al 10 have reported the successful treatment of RB patients with parotid gland and soft tissue metastasis by systemic IVC combined with local radiotherapy. Wang et al, 11 Vempuluru et al, 12 and others reported the use of systemic IVC combined with external radiotherapy for the treatment of RB patients with bone metastasis and CNS metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Analysis of 16 Distant Metastatic Retinoblastoma Cases with Event-Free Survival

Li¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2022

CMAR

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Aim This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of distant metastatic retinoblastoma with event-free survival. Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods We screened patients with retinoblastoma who survived without events after the comprehensive treatment of distant metastases from June 2015 to February 2021 and collected information regarding their basic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. All patients received systemic intravenous chemotherapy. Other treatments included surgical treatment, radiotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. Results Among 780 hospitalized patients with retinoblastoma in the pediatric ward, a total of 94 patients with retinoblastoma were diagnosed with distant metastases, and 16 patients with distant metastatic retinoblastoma who survived more than 6 months without events were screened, including eight male and eight female patients. The median age of onset was 29 (range, 11–120) months. Among the 16 patients, central nervous system metastasis (8/16), bone metastasis (8/16), bone marrow infiltration (4/16), lymph node metastasis (4/16), and parotid gland metastasis (3/16) were presented. All patients received treatment for more than 6 months, completed their regimen by February 2021, and survived without events. The median survival time after the onset of retinoblastoma was 50.5 (range, 23–102) months, the median survival time after metastasis was 43.5 (range, 16–71) months, and the median event-free survival was 29.0 (range, 6–59) months. Conclusion Metastatic retinoblastoma may benefit from comprehensive treatments including systemic intravenous chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, recurrence after treatment still needs attention, and patients in complete remission still need long-term follow-up.

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Metastatic retinoblastoma of the parotid and submandibular glands: a rare case report

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Epidemiology and clinical features of retinoblastoma

Epidemiology and clinical features of retinoblastoma

Long Noncoding RNA TRPM2-AS Promotes the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Retinoblastoma via miR-497/WEE1 Axis

Clinical Analysis of 16 Distant Metastatic Retinoblastoma Cases with Event-Free Survival

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