Metastatic renal cell cancer

Abstract

Targeted therapy is the treatment of choice in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) at most institutions although a combination of cytokine therapy and targeted therapy still is being investigated. Morphological size-based criteria (RECIST) has failed in monitoring the effect of targeted therapy in patients with mRCC, as successful therapy often does not result in a decrease in tumour size. Modifications of size-based criteria and criteria based on computed tomography (CT) contrast enhancement has been introduced. Different imaging modalities that rely on characteristics other than size such as dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) ultrasonography, DCE CT, DCE magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted MRI, positron emission tomography and texture analysis seem to contribute with prognostic information, even at baseline scans, and can predict tumour response early after initiating therapy. No new standard for the imaging follow-up of targeted therapy in mRCC has been established.

miR‑660‑5p is associated with cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma

“…RCC accounts for ~30% of all malignancies in adults and has a high mortality rate (27); there are no specific characteristic clinical features in the early stage of RCC, and ~30% of patients with RCC exhibit metastatic symptoms at presentation (28). As advanced-stage RCC is not sensitive to the traditional treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, it is essential to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of RCC metastasis, and to identify a useful tumor biomarker that may aid in the early diagnosis of RCC.…”

Tumor suppressive miR-196a is associated with cellular migration, proliferation and apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma

“…Annual estimates of newly diagnosed cases of RCC have been gradually increasing over recent years and the most prevalent histological sub-type of RCC is clear-cell RCC with a prevalence of 85% (5). As RCC patients tend to show no symptoms at the early stage, distant metastasis is present in >30% of cases at the time of diagnosis (6,7), for which only few and ineffective treatment options are available (8). Therefore, it is urgently required to identify novel biomarkers to facilitate the diagnosis of RCC, as well as novel treatment strategies.…”

SFRP1 Promoter Methylation and Renal Carcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The incidence of RCC has increased at a rate of 1.6% per year in the last 10 years 2 , and this increase is attributable to the increasing use and development of medical imaging technology. RCCs are usually resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and once they progress to distant metastasis, the 5-year survival is less than 5% 3 . However, 20% 30% of patients with RCC with new diagnoses had still developed distant metastasis because RCC in the early stages usually has no clini-cal symptoms that differentiate this condition from healthy people 4 .…”