Metastasis of renal clear-cell carcinoma to the oral mucosa, an atypical location

A review of histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters in diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a case of gingival metastasis

“…[4] RCC is a malignant pathology of a difficult, and many times tardy diagnosis. [3] It is a tumor of low prevalence. [3,5] It shows a male preponderance, with a male to female ratio of 2:1.…”

“…[3] It is a tumor of low prevalence. [3,5] It shows a male preponderance, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Cases have been observed in all age groups, with a predilection for the 5 th and 7 th decade.…”

“…[1] RCC typically affects men in the age group of 30 to 60 years, and may metastasize to any part of the body, with a 15% risk of metastasis to the head and neck region when the disease is disseminated, and a 1% risk when it is not. [3] RCC represents 2% of all cancer deaths, and metastasis is usually seen at the time of the initial presentation. [3] The diagnosis of these metastasis constitutes a challenge, especially when there is no history of renal alterations, and histopathologically can be confused with other carcinomas.…”

“…[3] RCC represents 2% of all cancer deaths, and metastasis is usually seen at the time of the initial presentation. [3] The diagnosis of these metastasis constitutes a challenge, especially when there is no history of renal alterations, and histopathologically can be confused with other carcinomas. [3] …”

“…[3] The diagnosis of these metastasis constitutes a challenge, especially when there is no history of renal alterations, and histopathologically can be confused with other carcinomas. [3] …”