Metapopulation Structure of Bull Trout: Influences of Physical, Biotic, and Geometrical Landscape Characteristics

Dunham, Jason B.; Rieman, Bruce E.

doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[0642:msobti]2.0.co;2

Cited by 249 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The abundance of lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams, as well as the size of water bodies and the connectivity between these features, mediates watershed fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (Cole and others 2007;Fraterrigo and Downing 2008;Downing 2010) in addition to species abundance and distribution (Dunham and Rieman 1999;Dahlgren and Ehrlen 2005). Further research will be needed to determine if the convergence of urban hydrography leads to a convergence of biogeochemical and ecosystem properties related to the surface water abundance and characteristics.…”

Section: Implications For Ecosystems and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

et al. 2014

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Earth's surface is rapidly urbanizing, resulting in dramatic changes in the abundance, distribution and character of surface water features in urban landscapes. However, the scope and consequences of surface water redistribution at broad spatial scales are not well understood. We hypothesized that urbanization would lead to convergent surface water abundance and distribution: in other words, cities will gain or lose water such that they become more similar to each other than are their surrounding natural landscapes. Using a database of more than 1 million water bodies and 1 million km of streams, we compared the surface water of 100 US cities with their surrounding undeveloped land. We evaluated differences in areal (A WB ) and numeric densities (N WB ) of water bodies (lakes, wetlands, and so on), the morphological characteristics of water bodies (size), and the density (D C ) of surface flow channels (that is, streams and rivers). The variance of urban A WB , N WB , and D C across the 100 MSAs decreased, by 89, 25, and 71%, respectively, compared to undeveloped land. These data show that many cities are surface water poor relative to undeveloped land; however, in drier landscapes urbanization increases the occurrence of surface water. This convergence pattern strengthened with development intensity, such that high intensity urban development had an areal water body density 98% less than undeveloped lands. Urbanization appears to drive the convergence of

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Section: Implications For Ecosystems and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

et al. 2014

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“…Patterns of patch occupancy in a metapopulation fundamentally depend on patch-specific rates of local extinction and recolonization. Available evidence suggests fish populations are more likely to occur, and thus persist, in larger, less isolated habitats (Dunham et al, 1997;Rieman and McIntyre, 1995;Dunham and Rieman, 1999;Dunham et al, 2002).…”

Section: Stability and Persistence In Dynamic Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persistence in smaller patches may be explained by demographic support (dispersal) from nearby populations. Because the dynamics of extinction and recolonization for fishes likely occur on long (>10 years) time scales, direct evidence for metapopulation dynamics is difficult to obtain (Dunham and Rieman, 1999). Accordingly, it is not clear if current patterns of patch occupancy in putative metapopulations represent an equilibrium between local extinctions and recolonization, or a systematic decline in patch occupancy, with populations in the smallest patches being the first ones to go extinct (Rieman and Dunham, 2000).…”

Section: Stability and Persistence In Dynamic Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions

Dunham

Young

Gresswell

et al. 2003

Forest Ecology and Management

140

132

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Our limited understanding of the short and long-term effects of fire on fish contributes to considerable uncertainty in assessments of the risks and benefits of fire management alternatives. A primary concern among the many potential effects of fire is the effects of fire and fire management on persistence of native fish populations. Limited evidence suggests vulnerability of fish to fire is contingent upon the quality of affected habitats, the amount and distribution of habitat (habitat fragmentation), and habitat specificity of the species in question. Species with narrow habitat requirements in highly degraded and fragmented systems are likely to be most vulnerable to fire and fire-related disturbance. In addition to effects of fire on native fish, there are growing concerns about the effects of fire on nonnative fish invasions. The role of fire in facilitating invasions by nonnative fishes is unknown, but experience with other species suggests some forms of disturbance associated with fire may facilitate invasion. Management efforts to promote persistence of fishes in fire-prone landscapes can take the form of four basic alternatives: (1) prefire management; (2) post-fire management; (3) managing fire itself (e.g. fire fighting); and (4) monitoring and adaptive management. Among these alternatives, pre-fire management is likely to be most effective. Effective pre-fire management activities will address factors that may render fish populations more vulnerable to the effects of fire (e.g. habitat degradation, fragmentation, and nonnative species). Post-fire management is also potentially important, but suffers from being a reactive approach that may not address threats in time to avert them. Managing fire itself can be important in some contexts, but negative consequences for fish populations are possible (e.g. toxicity of fire fighting chemicals to fish). Monitoring and adaptive management can provide important new information for evaluating alternatives, but proper implementation is often hampered by inadequate study designs and inconsistent financial and institutional support. The challenge for providing better management guidelines will be to add solid empirical data and models to assess the relevance of emerging concepts and theories, and provide a sense of where and when fires pose significant risks and/or benefits to fishes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…6). Variations in summer water temperature are the hypothesized source of fragmentation for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in this basin, which yields elevation as a control on the distribution of spawning and rearing habitat (Dunham and Rieman, 1999). Dunham and Rieman (1999) found that larger patches were more likely to be occupied, in part because larger patches yield larger, more diverse, more stable, and betterconnected populations of fish.…”

Section: Stochastic Interactions: Temporal-spatial Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in summer water temperature are the hypothesized source of fragmentation for bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in this basin, which yields elevation as a control on the distribution of spawning and rearing habitat (Dunham and Rieman, 1999). Dunham and Rieman (1999) found that larger patches were more likely to be occupied, in part because larger patches yield larger, more diverse, more stable, and betterconnected populations of fish. Smaller patches are also at risk of losing all of their habitat to mass wasting or channel disturbance during a single event, whereas a coherent set of disturbances over a patch the size of the larger basins has not been seen in the last 15 years, although fires of a size large enough to cover several habitat patches are not unusual in the historical record.…”

Section: Stochastic Interactions: Temporal-spatial Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time, space, and episodicity of physical disturbance in streams

Miller

Luce

Benda³

2003

Forest Ecology and Management

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Storm-driven episodes of gully erosion and landsliding produce large influxes of sediment to stream channels that have both immediate, often detrimental, impacts on aquatic communities and long-term consequences that are essential in the creation and maintenance of certain channel and riparian landforms. Together, these effects form an important component of river ecosystems. In this paper, we describe issues involved in characterizing and predicting the frequency, magnitude, spatial extent, and synchrony of these sediment influxes. The processes that drive sediment fluxes exhibit spatial and temporal variability over a large range of scales. Disregard of this variability can have unanticipated consequences for efforts to quantify process rates, as we illustrate using landslide densities observed for a storm event in western Oregon. Multiple factors interact to create the temporal and spatial patterns of erosional and mass-wasting events that affect stream channels. Fires, in particular, enhance susceptibility to erosional and mass-wasting processes, and thus affect the timing and magnitude of sedimentmobilizing events. We use examples from west-central Idaho to show how fires, storms, and topography interact to create spatially distinct patches of intense erosional activity. We require quantitative descriptions of these controlling factors to make quantitative predictions of how differences or changes in topography, fire regime, and climate will affect the regime of sediment fluxes. The stochastic and heterogeneous nature of these factors leads us to quantify them in probabilistic terms. The effects of future fire and storm sequences are governed in part by the past sequence of events over time frames spanning centuries and spatial extents spanning entire river basins. Empirical characterization of past events poses a considerable challenge, given that our observational record typically spans several decades at most. Numerical models that simulate multiple event sequences provide an alternative means for estimating the influence of antecedent conditions and for quantifying the role of different controlling factors. #

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Metapopulation Structure of Bull Trout: Influences of Physical, Biotic, and Geometrical Landscape Characteristics

Cited by 249 publications

References 58 publications

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

Convergent Surface Water Distributions in U.S. Cities

Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions

Time, space, and episodicity of physical disturbance in streams

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