Metaphors as models: Towards a typology of metaphor in ancient science

Humar, Marcel

doi:10.1007/s40656-021-00450-2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, as Humar put it "A metaphor links two domains by mapping attributes from one onto the other. Thus, metaphor is an act of transferring … [where] … the key terms, 'target' and 'source', were introduced by Lakoff and Johnson … For instance, the biological metaphor 'genes are text' links the source 'text' and the target 'genes'" (Humar, 2021). Black (1962) points out, in this context, how similar is the "standardized" Oxford English Dictionary (OED) 1 description of metaphor to the one described above: "The figure of speech in which a name or descriptive term is transferred to some object different from, but analogous to, that to which it is properly applicable; an instance of this, a metaphorical expression".…”

Section: Metaphormentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain-computer analogy—“A special issue”

Matassi

Martinez

2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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In this review essay, we give a detailed synopsis of the twelve contributions which are collected in a Special Issue in Frontiers Ecology and Evolution, based on the research topic “Current Thoughts on the Brain-Computer Analogy—All Metaphors Are Wrong, But Some Are Useful.” The synopsis is complemented by a graphical summary, a matrix which links articles to selected concepts. As first identified by Turing, all authors in this Special Issue recognize semantics as a crucial concern in the brain-computer analogy debate, and consequently address a number of such issues. What is missing, we believe, is the distinction between metaphor and analogy, which we reevaluate, describe in some detail, and offer a definition for the latter. To enrich the debate, we also deem necessary to develop on the evolutionary theories of the brain, of which we provide an overview. This article closes with thoughts on creativity in Science, for we concur with the stance that metaphors and analogies, and their esthetic impact, are essential to the creative process, be it in Sciences as well as in Arts.

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Section: Metaphormentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain-computer analogy—“A special issue”

Matassi

Martinez

2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…Metaphorical is explained in contrast with the literal (Bailer-Jones, 2002: 117) and through the concept of "a meaning shift for metaphors" (Bailer-Jones, 2002: 117). Metaphors are acknowledged to "play a crucial role in the understanding of science" (Humar, 2021) because "since antiquity, metaphors have been used in technical texts to describe structures unknown or unnamed; besides establishing a terminology of science, metaphors are also important for the expression of concepts" (Humar, 2021).…”

Section: Metaphorical Models As a Means Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fold as a Model of Ekphrasis in Contemporary Essays on the Visual Arts (Based on the Analysis of English Essays)

T.V.

2022

SJPU

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The article addresses the complex nature of ekphrasis as the verbal representation of the works of the visual arts and discusses its explications through the prism of various metaphorical models. With the metaphors of the paragone and the sister arts acknowledged as the two powerful models of ekphrasis, a recently introduced metaphor of ekphrasis as a fold is given a close look. The roots of the fold as a metaphorical model are traced back to works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and further philosophical elaboration of this model in Gilles Deleuze’s writings is discussed. It is argued that viewing ekphrasis as a fold makes it possible to capture the nature of ekphrasis in contemporary essays on the visual arts as a means of producing meanings through interpretation of the existing meanings and thus as a means of perpetuating culture. This argument is supported with the cognitive poetic analysis of ekphrasis in John Berger’s essays on the visual arts.

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“…& Bloshchynskyi (2021) and others highlight main peculiarities of a metaphor as the most creative and productive way of secondary nomination. Humar (2021) and Arutiunova (1978) focus their attention on the typology of metaphorical terms. Metaphor as a unique instrument for term formation in different terminologies like political, oil and gas, military was investigated in detail by Datsyshyn (2005), Kerimov (2005), Tsisar (2009), Khachmafova, Ostrovskaya & Skhalyakho (2021) and other linguistists.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaching Metaphorical Terms in Subject-specific Terminologies (Geologic and Geodetic): Semantic and Structural Aspects

Hrybinyk

Halai

Yesypenko

et al. 2022

WJEL

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Terminological metaphors appear as a result of terminologisation, the process when commonly used words acquire special meaning, specific to a certain area of science. The mechanism of metaphoric representation of subject-specific concepts is based on certain associations (form, shape, function, structure, etc.). Terminological metaphors constitute an essential part of professional vocabulary being the means that help to facilitate nomination and understanding of subject-specific concepts, objects and processes for both specialists and non-professionals. This paper examines metaphorical terms in the domain of two subject-specific terminologies – geodetic and geological. The main objective of the research is to analyze terminological units of metaphorical character extracted from dictionaries and related reference literature in geodesy and geology, to determine their structural and semantic peculiarities, as well as their productivity. Metaphors under study have been investigated in accordance with semantic, structural and morphological approaches. The quantative analysis and the method of calculations have been applied to establish the productivity of different semantic and structural models of the terms. It has been found out that anthropological metaphorical terms prevail in geodetic and geologic terminologies. The vocabulary under study comprises one-stem terms, compound terms and terminological word combinations of metaphorical character. The latter ones turned out to be dominant. The results of the data analysis indicate that the number of noun models exceeds in both terminological systems.

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Metaphors as models: Towards a typology of metaphor in ancient science

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

The brain-computer analogy—“A special issue”

The brain-computer analogy—“A special issue”

Fold as a Model of Ekphrasis in Contemporary Essays on the Visual Arts (Based on the Analysis of English Essays)

Approaching Metaphorical Terms in Subject-specific Terminologies (Geologic and Geodetic): Semantic and Structural Aspects

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