Metamemory without the memory: are people aware of midazolam-induced amnesia?

Merritt, Paul S.; Hirshman, Elliot; Hsu, John; Berrigan, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1958-8

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the FOK estimates were lower in the lorazepam group than in the placebo group. Lower FOK ratings were also observed for midazolam in a long-term memory task (Merritt et al 2005). In our study, the FOK estimates under lorazepam were always lower than the placebo estimates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Izaute

Bacon²

2006

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Izaute

Bacon²

2006

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In previous studies with different paradigms, neither benzodiazepines (Izaute & Bacon, 2005; Massin-Krauss et al, 2002; Merritt et al, 2005; Mintzer & Griffiths, 2005) nor scopolamine (Mintzer & Griffiths, 2005) impaired relative accuracy measures, suggesting that this aspect of metamemory monitoring may be relatively spared despite reliable impairment in absolute accuracy. We speculate that relative accuracy depends on the participant's ability to assess cues related to individual item characteristics, whereas absolute accuracy depends more heavily on assessment of cues related to the participant's overall current state and competence (including drug-induced impairment).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Dose effects of triazolam and scopolamine on metamemory.

Mintzer¹,

Kleykamp²,

Griffiths³

2010

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study compared the acute dose effects of the benzodiazepine triazolam and the anticholinergic scopolamine on metamemory (knowledge and awareness of one's own memory) in a two-phase paradigm designed to assess effects on both monitoring and control components of metamemory in both semantic (general knowledge) and episodic memory (cued recall) tasks. Placebo and two doses each of triazolam (0.125, 0.25 mg/70 kg, oral) and scopolamine (0.25, 0.50 mg/70 kg, subcutaneous) were administered to 80 healthy volunteers (16/group) in a double-blind, doubledummy, independent groups design. Both triazolam and scopolamine impaired episodic memory (quantity and accuracy) but not semantic memory. Results suggested that both drugs impaired monitoring as reflected in absolute accuracy measures (impaired calibration in the direction of overconfidence) and control sensitivity (the relationship between confidence and behavior). Overall, the results did not provide evidence for differences between triazolam and scopolamine in memory or metamemory. In addition to the clinical relevance of the observed effects, this study adds to the accumulating body of cognitive psychopharmacological research illustrating the usefulness of druginduced amnesia as a vehicle to explore memory and metamemory.Metamemory, which refers to an individual's knowledge and awareness of his/her own memory (Flavell, 1971;Metcalfe & Shimamura, 1994), plays an important role in memory performance in many everyday situations. Metamemory can be thought of as encompassing two components: Monitoring, which consists of processes involved in an individual's selfassessment of his/her memory, and control, which refers to ways in which an individual can regulate cognitive processing when given the opportunity to do so (Nelson & Narens, 1990. One can take as an example an eyewitness in a courtroom who swears to "tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." Given that memory is a reconstructive process, the witness presumably must first assess the features of his/her memory of the event being discussed (monitoring) and then determine which features of that memory to report in court (i.e., which features reach the subjective threshold of "truth") (control).It is well established that benzodiazepine (e.g., diazepam: Valium®, lorazepam: Ativan®; triazolam: Halcion®) and anticholinergic (e.g., scopolamine) drugs induce temporary amnesia when administered acutely to healthy volunteers (for reviews, see Curran, 1991Curran, , 2000Kopelman, 1986;Polster, 1993). The effects of memory-impairing drugs on metamemory have both clinical and theoretical significance. From a clinical perspective, if a drug produces memory impairment, it is essential to know the degree to which patients being prescribed that Publisher's Disclaimer:The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated vers...

show abstract

“…Anterograde amnesia (forgetting information that is acquired after drug administration) has been demonstrated following administration of midazolam in several studies (5,6,14,20-23). Amnesia seems to be an advantage for patients who want to avoid the memory of an unpleasant experience during dental surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction

Lp¹,

A²,

Almeida-Souza³

et al. 2016

Med Oral

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAnxiety symptoms are frequently observed in dental patients, whether they are undergoing simple or more invasive procedures such as surgery. This research aimed to compare the effects of Passiflora incarnata and midazolam for the control of anxiety in patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction.Material and MethodsForty volunteers underwent bilateral extraction of their mandibular third molars in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Passiflora incarnata (260 mg) or midazolam (15 mg) were orally administered 30 minutes before surgery. The anxiety level of participants was evaluated by questionnaires and measurement of physical parameters, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2).ResultsConsidering each procedure independently, there were no significant differences between the protocols in BP, HR, and SpO2. Over 70% of the volunteers responded that they felt quiet or a little anxious under both protocols. With midazolam, 20% of the participants reported amnesia (not remembering anything at all), while Passiflora showed little or no ability to interfere with memory formation.ConclusionsPassiflora incarnata showed an anxiolytic effect similar to midazolam, and was safe and effective for conscious sedation in adult patients who underwent extraction of their mandibular third molars. Key words:Passiflora incarnata, midazolam, anxiety, oral surgery.

show abstract

Metamemory without the memory: are people aware of midazolam-induced amnesia?

Abstract: When studying items under the influence of midazolam, participants are unaware that their memory will be impaired. Implications for clinical practice and pharmacological studies of amnesia are discussed.

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Dose effects of triazolam and scopolamine on metamemory.

Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About