Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Izaute, Marie; Bacon, Élisabeth

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0492-2

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…P. Carter, Kleykamp, et al, 2013;L. P. Carter, Reissig, et al, 2013;Kleykamp et al, 2012;Mintzer et al, 2010;Mintzer & Griffiths, 2003a, 2003b, though not always (Izaute & Bacon, 2006;Kleykamp et al, 2010;Mintzer & Griffiths, 2005). Considering the massive amnestic effects of these drugs, it should be unsurprising that a measure of metamemory that is correlated with memory accuracy would also exhibit a reduction.…”

Section: Sedatives (γ-Aminobutyric Acid a Receptor Positive Allosteri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique effects of sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids on episodic memory: A review and reanalysis of acute drug effects on recollection, familiarity, and metamemory.

Doss,

Samaha,

Barrett

et al. 2024

Psychological Review

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Despite distinct classes of psychoactive drugs producing putatively unique states of consciousness, there is surprising overlap in terms of their effects on episodic memory and cognition more generally. Episodic memory is supported by multiple subprocesses that have been mostly overlooked in psychopharmacology and could differentiate drug classes. Here, we reanalyzed episodic memory confidence ratings from 10 previously published data sets (28 drug conditions total) using signal detection models to estimate two conscious states involved in episodic memory and one consciously controlled metacognitive process of memory: autonoetic retrieval of specific details (recollection), noetic recognition absent of retrieved details (familiarity), and retrospective introspection of memory decisions (metamemory). Sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids had unique patterns of effects on these mnemonic processes dependent on whether they impacted encoding, consolidation, or retrieval (the formation, stabilization, and access to memory traces, respectively). Sedatives at encoding reliably impaired both recollection and familiarity but at consolidation enhanced recollection. Dissociatives and cannabinoids at encoding impaired recollection but less reliably impaired familiarity, and cannabinoids at retrieval increased false recollections. These drug-induced encoding impairments occasionally came with metamemory enhancements, perhaps because of less interstimulus interference. Psychedelics at encoding impaired recollection but tended to enhance familiarity and did not impact metamemory. Stimulants at encoding enhanced metamemory, at consolidation impaired metamemory, and at retrieval enhanced familiarity and metamemory. These findings allude to mechanisms underlying the idiosyncratic phenomena of drugs, such as blackouts from sedatives and presque vu from psychedelics. Finally, these findings converge on a model in which memory quantity and stability influence metamemory.

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Section: Sedatives (γ-Aminobutyric Acid a Receptor Positive Allosteri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique effects of sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids on episodic memory: A review and reanalysis of acute drug effects on recollection, familiarity, and metamemory.

Doss,

Samaha,

Barrett

et al. 2024

Psychological Review

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show abstract

“…Several studies have found that sedatives at encoding impair metamemory (Bacon et al, 1998;Mintzer and Griffiths, 2003a;b, 2007;Carter et al, 2009;Mintzer et al, 2010;Kleykamp et al, 2012;Carter, Kleykamp, et al, 2013;Carter, Reissig, et al, 2013), though not always (Mintzer and Griffiths, 2005;Izaute and Bacon, 2006;Kleykamp et al, 2010). However, all of these studies used gamma and are therefore susceptible to response bias confounds and memory accuracy scaling with this measure of metamemory.…”

Section: Sedatives (Gabaa Pams)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory

Doss

Samaha

Barrett

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Despite distinct classes of psychoactive drugs producing putatively unique states of consciousness, there is surprising overlap in terms of their effects on episodic memory and cognition more generally. Episodic memory is supported by multiple subprocesses that have been mostly overlooked in psychopharmacology and could differentiate drug classes. Here, we reanalyzed episodic memory confidence data from 10 previously published datasets (28 drug conditions total) using signal detection models to estimate 2 conscious states involved in episodic memory and 1 consciously-controlled metacognitive process of memory: the retrieval of specific details from one's past (recollection), noetic recognition in the absence of retrieved details (familiarity), and accurate introspection of memory decisions (metamemory). We observed that sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids had unique patterns of effects on these mnemonic processes dependent on which phase of memory (encoding, consolidation, or retrieval) was targeted. All drugs at encoding except stimulants impaired recollection, and sedatives, dissociatives, and cannabinoids at encoding impaired familiarity. The effects of sedatives on metamemory were mixed, whereas dissociatives and cannabinoids at encoding tended to enhance metamemory. Surprisingly, psychedelics at encoding tended to enhance familiarity and did not impact metamemory. Stimulants at encoding and retrieval enhanced metamemory, but at consolidation, they impaired metamemory. Together, these findings may have relevance to mechanisms underlying unique subjective phenomena under different drug classes, such as blackouts from sedatives or deja vu from psychedelics. This study provides a framework for interrogating drug effects within a domain of cognition beyond the global impairments on task performance typically reported in psychopharmacology.

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Metacognition in Schizophrenia: Processes Underlying Patients' Reflections on Their Own Episodic Memory

Bacon

Izaute

2009

Biological Psychiatry

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Effects of the amnesic drug lorazepam on complete and partial information retrieval and monitoring accuracy

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Unique effects of sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids on episodic memory: A review and reanalysis of acute drug effects on recollection, familiarity, and metamemory.

Unique effects of sedatives, dissociatives, psychedelics, stimulants, and cannabinoids on episodic memory: A review and reanalysis of acute drug effects on recollection, familiarity, and metamemory.

Unique Effects of Sedatives, Dissociatives, Psychedelics, Stimulants, and Cannabinoids on Episodic Memory: A Review and Reanalysis of Acute Drug Effects on Recollection, Familiarity, and Metamemory

Metacognition in Schizophrenia: Processes Underlying Patients' Reflections on Their Own Episodic Memory

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