Metamaterial Cell-Based Superstrate towards Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Quad-Band CPW-Fed Antenna for Wireless Applications

Abstract

A multiband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna loaded with metamaterial unit cell for GSM900, WLAN, LTE-A, and 5G Wi-Fi applications is presented in this paper. The proposed metamaterial structure is a combination of various symmetric split-ring resonators (SSRR) and its characteristics were investigated for two major axes directions at (x and y-axis) wave propagation through the material. For x-axis wave propagation, it indicates a wide range of negative refractive index in the frequency span of 2–8.5 GHz. For y-axis wave propagation, it shows more than 2 GHz bandwidth of near-zero refractive index (NZRI) property. Two categories of the proposed metamaterial plane were applied to enhance the bandwidth and gain. The measured reflection coefficient (S11) demonstrated significant bandwidths increase at the upper bands by 4.92–6.49 GHz and 3.251–4.324 GHz, considered as a rise of 71.4% and 168%, respectively, against the proposed antenna without using metamaterial. Besides being high bandwidth achieving, the proposed antenna radiates bi-directionally with 95% as the maximum radiation efficiency. Moreover, the maximum measured gain reaches 6.74 dBi by a 92.57% improvement compared with the antenna without using metamaterial. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed antenna show good agreement.

Synthesis, Characterization and Development of Energy Harvesting Techniques Incorporated with Antennas: A Review Study

“…The polarization, frequency band number, antenna gain, and bandwidth are all determined by the shape of the radiator patch (rectangular [72][73][74], circular [75,76], square [77,78], and others [79][80][81]), as well as the feeding technique (position, type, and number of feeds). Plans of various types of techniques for the bandwidth improvement of microstrip topologies have been made: (I) patch modifications generating complex designs to mix various resonant frequency bands [73,75], (II) the addition of radiator patch slots [72,75,79], (III) the insertion to the radiator patch layer of parasitic components [72,79], and (IV) adjustments in the feeding technologies [72,82,83]. [75,76], square [77,78], and others [79][80][81]), as well as the feeding technique (position, type, and number of feeds).…”

Dual-Band Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Engraved Rectangular Monopole for GSM and Wlan/Wimax/5g Sub-6 GHZ Band (New Radio Band)

“…The MTM substrates are used to achieve broader impedance matching and multiband [15]. In [16,17], the directivity and gain are increased by the inclusion of the MTM in multiple operating frequencies. In [18], the metamaterial superstrates are employed, which increases gain.…”

A circularly polarized, high aperture efficiency metasurface antenna

“…But these structures are typically heavy with high profile and require large source‐aperture separation. Metasurface (MTS) antennas have attracted substantial recent interest for various applications 8–13 such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) systems 14,15 and RF energy harvesting 16–18 . Metasurface is essentially a surface distribution of electrically small resonators, where the distance between adjacent resonators is electrically very small 19 .…”