Metallurgy of a Ti–Au alloy synthesized by controlled electric resistance fusion

Effects of preheating and slow cooling stages in small-scale resistance spot welding of the Ti-2Al-1Mn alloy

“…Immediately before welding, the parts had been degreased with C 2 H 5 OH ethyl alcohol. A special welding facility [12][13][14][15][16][17] was used that included an 'IPTKM-10' power source and a modernized 'MTT-02' welding gun. The 'IPTKM-10' power source was a digital synthesizer of unipolar current pulses with required algorithms regardless of the load resistance.…”

“…After analyzing the data presented in Table 1 and welding several trial joints, the current and pulse duration ranges were set from 3.3 to 5.1 kA and from 4 to 16 ms, respectively. Based on the recommendations of early SSRSW studies [3,4] and the authors' own experience [12][13][14][15][16][17], the preheating stage, as shown for modes 2 and 3 in Fig. 2, was also implemented to stabilize heat generation in accordance with Eq.…”

“…For titanium alloys, very few recommended SSRSW parameters have been published to date (Table 1), all of which assume the use of typical current pro les of capacitor-based power sources [3][4][5][6] or rectangular-shaped pulses of conventional inverter ones [7][8][9][10][11]. At the same time, some advanced power sources enable to preset almost any algorithms of unipolar pulses with amplitudes of up to several kiloamperes and durations of tens of milliseconds [12][13][14][15][16][17], allowing to improve the quality of the SSRSW joints [12][13][14].…”

“…In the RSW process, heat generation (and the quality of the joints as a result) can be stabilized only by strict control over both preparation of the welded parts and maintenance of deployed equipment. As some previous investigations have shown, current pro les should include the optimal main pulse (within a current-time weld lobe) [10,[12][13][14][15][18][19][20][21][22], as well as both preheating [3, 12-14, 16, 17, 23, 24] and post-weld [13,14,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] stages. In this case, the preheating one stabilizes initial RBE values and, respectively, heat generation in the weld zone according to Eq.…”

Structural and mechanical properties of stainless steel formed under conditions of layer-by-layer fusion of a wire by an electron beam

“…Этот метод применяется для изучения свойств титановых сплавов, формируемых в условиях плазменного воздействия [21], электронно-лучевого сплавления порошков [22] и электронно-лучевого аддитивного процесса [23]. С помощью наноиндентирования также исследуют материалы, полученные точечной контактной сваркой сплавов титана и золота [24].…”