Metallo-β-lactamase and AmpC genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from abattoir and poultry origin in Nigeria

Abstract

Background Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae represent the most relevant reservoir of resistance genes such as metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC genes that give them the undue advantage to resist antimicrobial onslaught. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of MBL (blaIMP-1, blaIMP-2, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2) and AmpC (blaFOX, blaDHA, blaCMY, blaACC) resistance genes in aforementioned GNB collected from abattoir and poultry sources in Nigeria. Results In total, 370 isolates were collected from abattoir tables (n = 130), anal region of cows (n = 120), and the cloacae of poultry birds (n = 120). The test isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems. The MBLs were phenotypically detected in 22 E. coli, 22 P. aeruginosa, and 18 K. pneumoniae isolates using combined disc test (CDT). However, only 11 E. coli, 24 P. aeruginosa, and 18 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were phenotypically confirmed to be AmpC producers using cefoxitin-cloxacillin double disk synergy test (CC-DDST). MBL encoding genes (particularly the blaIMP-1 genes and blaIMP-2 genes) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 12 (54.6%) E. coli, 15 (83.3%) K. pneumoniae, and 16 (72.7%) P. aeruginosa isolates. AmpC genes (particularly the blaCMY genes and blaFOX genes) were found in a total of 5 (29.4%) E. coli isolates, 5 (27.8%) isolates of K. pneumoniae, and 10 (41.7%) isolates of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions Our study showed the circulation of MBL and AmpC genes in GNB from abattoir and poultry origin in Nigeria. Adoption of regular control policies is necessary to reduce the spread of these species as soon as possible, especially in poultry and slaughterhouses.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of ESBL-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae from broiler chicken farms in Shandong Province, China

“…In this paper, we detected only one strain of K. pneumoniae carrying bla NDM-1 in Shandong poultry farms; the other four carbapenem resistance-related genes— bla KPC , bla IMP , bla VIM , and bla OXA48 —were not detected. As of this writing, in livestock and poultry breeding, a handful of articles on CRKP carrying bla KPC , bla IMP , bla VIM , bla OXA48 , and bla NDM have been reported in China and other countries ( Candan and Aksöz, 2015 ; Hamza et al, 2016 ; Köck et al, 2018 ; Zhai et al, 2020 ; Chaalal et al, 2021 ; Ejikeugwu et al, 2021 ; Elmonir et al, 2021 ). For poultry isolates studied in Egypt, 15% (15/100) were resistant to carbapenems: all of them were positive for bla NDM ( Hamza et al, 2016 ).…”

“…In a study of chicken in Algeria, a CRKP rate of 16.02% (29/181) was detected, which is a higher rate than this study ( Chaalal et al, 2021 ); in addition, a rate of 10.53% of bla NDM was detected in broilers in Egypt (2/19) ( Elmonir et al, 2021 ). Research in Nigeria showed that of the 370 isolates collected from slaughterhouses, cows’ anuses, and poultry cloacas, 83.30% were found to be encoded by Metallo-β-lactamase genes (especially bla IMP-1 and bla IMP-2 ) of K. pneumoniae ( Ejikeugwu et al, 2021 ) . bla OXA48 was first discovered in Turkey, and the co-infection of NDM-1 and OXA-48 was found in the country 3 years later, with a detection rate of 8% (4/50) ( Candan and Aksöz, 2015 ).…”

Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli, Biosecurity and Anti-Microbial Use in Live Bird Markets, Abeokuta, Nigeria

“…Presently, there are no new classes of antimicrobials in the pipeline, and so it is unlikely that any new classes of effective antimicrobials will be available for 10 years or more to treat infections caused by resistant Gram-negative bacteria [ 45 ]. MDR E. coli in food animals in Nigeria is becoming prevalent [ 50 , 51 ], and several papers have documented MDR E. coli in poultry and poultry products in the country [ 29 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The potential risk of spread of MDR to humans through poultry consumption has been established in a case control study conducted in Canada [ 55 ].…”

Detection of β-Lactamase Resistance and Biofilm Genes in Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Chickens

“…In addition, horizontal gene transfer may inherit antibiotic-degrading enzymes (β-lactamases) from other bacteria [ 14 ]. Biofilm production may play a role in resistance as well [ 15 ], these resistance are mediated by AmpC genes ( bla FOX , bla DHA , bla CMY , and bla ACC ) which are prospective sources for the extensive dissemination of antibiotic resistance [ 16 ].…”