Metallization of polyacrylonitrile by reduction of polymer‐incorporated metal ions

Abstract

The film properties and ionic conductivity behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing various metal salts were investigated. Further, with a newly developed process, it was possible to cover the surface of polymer with a metallic layer. From water contact angle measurements it was found that the surface structure of PAN containing metal salt was greatly affected by properties of the material in contact with during film preparation. Ionic conductivity behaviors near T, differed between the PAN containing a metal chloride and that containing a metal perchlorate; the activation energy for the rubber-like state (E,) was greater than that for the glassy state (E,) with the former and E, < cg with the latter. It was clarified that a metal layer was formed on the polymer surface at a relatively low temperature by a reduction treatment with NaBH, aqueous solution. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Das ionische Leitfihigkeitsverhalten und andere Eigenschaften von Filmen aus mit verschiedenen Metallsalzen versetztem Polyacrylnitril (PAN) wurden untersucht. Die Filmoberflachen wurden mit einem neuen Verfahren metallisiert. Aus Kontaktwinkelmessungen ergibt sich, daD die Oberflachenstruktur der Metallsalz enthaltenden Filme stark vom Material abhangt, mit dem das PAN wahrend der Filmherstellung in Kontakt ist. Das Leitfahigkeitsverhalten nahe der Glastemperatur ist fur Metallchloride und Metallperchlorate unterschiedlich; bei ersteren ist die Aktivierungsenergie im gummielastischen Zustand (E,) groBer als die im Glaszustand (EJ, wahrend bei letzteren E, i E~ ist. Durch Reduktion der Metallsalze mit wanriger NaBH,-Liisung bei relativ niedriger Temperatur bildet sich auf der Filmoberflache eine Metallschicht.

Preparation and properties of electroconductive acrylonitrile grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) modified nembrane

“…Additionally, we suppose the composite film containing 10 wt% NiSO4 should have the dissociation energy (W=500 K J/mole) for reference, which was referred from Yosomiya et al [8]. As shown in Table II1, the restllt shows remarkedly that SO,t = ion has stronger interaction with Ni +2 ion in the metal bridging group than C1-ion; something consistent with the results described above.…”

“…1, 25-34, January 1994 tra of inorganic compounds [14], were similar to CrCI3"6H20 and ZnCI2-xH20. According to Yosomiya et al [8], who studied the metallization of PAN, thre possible reduction mechanism was as follows:…”

Metallization of UV‐cured acrylate resins by reduction of polymer‐incorporated cobalt ion

“…1,2 These techniques sometimes require preliminary surface treatment, such as mechanical roughening, chemical modification, etching, sensitizing, or activation. As a more convenient metallization technique, a novel method, by reduction of polymer-incorporated metal ions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] or polymermetal chelates 13,14 with an aqueous solution of NaBH 4 , has been developed by a few groups. This method was known to be applicable to the surface metallization of highly polar linear polymers, such as polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyamide, polyamide-imide, and polyurethane.…”

Metallization of crosslinked epoxy resins derived from diglycidyl ethers of poly(ethylene glycol) and bisphenol a by reduction of polymer‐incorporated cobalt ion

“…These techniques sometimes require preliminary surface treatment, such as mechanical roughing, chemical modification, etching, sensitizing, or activation. As a more convenient metallization technique, a novel method by reduction of polymer‐incorporated metal ions3–12 or polymer–metal chelates13, 14 with an aqueous solution of sodium tetrahydroborate was developed by a few groups. This method was known to be applicable to the surface metallization of highly polar linear polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyamide, polyamide‐imide, and polyurethane.…”