Metal‐Tolerant Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective

Macnair, Mark R.; Baker, A. J. M.

doi:10.1002/9783527615919.ch3

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Both of which had a considerably more diverse flora than the aforementioned sites. These data suggests that hyperaccumulators do not compete well with non-tolerant species under normal soil conditions, but are able to survive the strong selective As pressures exerted upon other species and can become dominant, sometimes existing as nearly pure populations (Macnair and Baker, 1994;Baker et al, 2000).…”

Section: Soil Conditions and Chinese Brake Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root distributions and elemental accumulations of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) from As-contaminated soils

Liao¹,

Chen²,

Lei³

et al. 2004

Plant and Soil

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A field investigation was conducted to understand the root distributions and elemental accumulations of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.), an As-hyperaccumulator, grown in soils with a gradient of As concentration near an arsenic sulphide mine. The root distribution was affected not only by the levels of soil As, but also by soil texture. Plants grew better in sandy loam soils than in clay soils. Increases in the ratio of frond biomass to underground biomass were correlated with decreasing soil As concentration. Root densities of the plant decreased from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm to 20-30 cm in the soil profiles. Most of the roots were concentrated in the upper 0-10 cm layer. Under high As conditions, As concentrations in different tissues followed the trends: pinnae > rhizomes ≈ roots of 0-10 cm > roots of 10-20 cm > roots of 20-30 cm > petioles, however, As concentrations in pinnae were higher than those in rhizomes under low As conditions. The rhizomes and pinnae were the main As pools, storing 75-86% of the total As uptaken by the plants. The rhizome, a 'buffer-storage' for plant As, maintained high concentrations of As under high soil As while the pinnae became the most important organ of storing the As under low soil As. Chinese brake might possess the ability of adjusting its As-storage under different soil As levels. The plant can not only hyperaccumulate As from the soils, but also enriched P and Ni from the soils and translocated them to the fronds. It is important to improve the root distribution for phytoremediation of As-contaminated soils using Chinese brake.

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Section: Soil Conditions and Chinese Brake Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root distributions and elemental accumulations of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) from As-contaminated soils

Liao¹,

Chen²,

Lei³

et al. 2004

Plant and Soil

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“…A trace element is toxic to plants because it directly or indirectly affects the metabolic processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, CO2-fixation, and gas exchange Van Assche and Clijsters, 1990a;Vangronsveld and Clijsters, 1994), and other processes. As the metal concentrations in plant tissues rise, different mechanisms can be used to manage the stress before the sudden onset of chronic toxicity (Macnair and Baker, 1994). Physiological and metabolic biomarkers are often early indicators of stress and can add information about the degree of chemical exposure at the organism level (Cormier and Daniel, 1994;Ernst and Peterson, 1994;Vangronsveld et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities

Mocquot¹,

Vangronsveld²,

Clijsters³

et al. 1996

Plant Soil

197

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Changes in the growth parameters and in enzyme activities were studied in roots and leaves of 14-days old maize grown in a nutrient solution containing various copper concentrations (i.e. 0.01 to 10 #M). A significant decrease in root and leaf biomass was only found at 10 #M Cu. In contrast, changes in several enzyme activities occured at lower copper concentrations in the solution, corresponding to different threshold values which are lower than those observed for growth parameters. Peroxidase (POD) activity significantly increased in all investigated plant organs (i.e. 3rd-leaf, 4th-leaf and roots) in relation to their copper content. Additionally, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities decreased in the leaves, especially in the 4th-leaf. However, the activity of malic enzyme (ME), G-6-PDH, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and ICDH increased with the copper content in roots. According to the relationship between POD activity and copper content, the toxic critical value was set at 26 mg Cu per kg dry matter (DM) in roots and 21 mg Cu per kg DM in the 3rd-leaf. In roots, a new isoenzyme of peroxidase appeared for copper content above 12.6 mg Cu kg DM -~ . Measurement of enzyme activity, especially that of POD and Cu-specific changes in the (iso)peroxidase pattern, might be used as biomarkers to assess the phytotoxicity for maize grown on copper-contaminated substrata.

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“…Heavy metal toxicity and tolerance has already provided one of the clearest examples of microevolutionary changes in natural populations within certain families of vascular plants viz. Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Brassicaceae (Antonovics et al 1971;Macnair & Baker 1994) and some filamentous green algae. Beckett & Brown (1983) studied natural and experimentally-induced Zn and Cu resistance in Peltigera spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Lichens in Metal-Enriched Environments

Purvis

Halls

1996

LIC

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The importance of mineralogy in determining lichen assemblages occurring on metalliferous rocks and derived soils is discussed with reference to environments enriched in metals from mine and smelter wastes and other sites involving human activities. A study of lichens growing on Cu and Fe sulphide-rich rocks in Scandinavia is presented. This data suggests that the composition of the lichen communities is governed by mineralogy, which influences the mobility and availability of Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ in the environment, rather than the total concentrations of either metals within the substratum. A new lichen community, the Lecideion inopis Purvis, is described characterized by the faithful species Lecidea inops, Psilolechia leprosa and several Cu-rich ecotypes. This community occurs in alkaline environments where Cu is fixed predominantly as a secondary hydroxide or carbonate. Conversely, low pH, Fe sulphide-rich environments, where Cu may also be present, are characterized by the Acarosporion sinopicae, which includes several species with a rusty colouration. Contrasting assemblages rich in terricolous ephemeral species, especially Vezdaea spp. occurring in Pb/Zn-rich environments, and the comparatively species-poor assemblages on Cr and Ni-rich ultrabasic rocks, are also reviewed. Although mine spoil heaps and other mineralized environments are perceived in human terms as toxic, they may support a diversity of lichens, including rare taxa restricted to these sites. The systematic description of these lichen communities in relation to rock mineralogy and chemical processes are necessary if physiological tolerance and speciation are to be understood.

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Metal‐Tolerant Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Root distributions and elemental accumulations of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) from As-contaminated soils

Root distributions and elemental accumulations of Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) from As-contaminated soils

Copper toxicity in young maize (Zea mays L.) plants: effects on growth, mineral and chlorophyll contents, and enzyme activities

A Review of Lichens in Metal-Enriched Environments

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