Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Stacks for Auxilary Power Units - Progress, Challenges and Lessons Learned

Ansar, Asif; Szabo, Patric; Arnold, Johannes; Ilhan, Zeynep; Soysal, Dennis; Costa, Rémi; Zagst, Armin; Gindrat, M.; Franco, Thomas

doi:10.1149/1.3569989

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Its fuel utilization efficiency at 57.06 A is 54.3%, and the conversion efficiency LHV is 29.5%. From these results, the single cell stack has shown a promising performance which was comparable to those reported in the literature , . Figure shows the long‐term operation of the single cell stack operated with 800 mL min −1 H 2 +200 mL min −1 N 2 and 2,000 mL min −1 air at current density of 400 mA cm −2 and 700 °C for about 1,770 h. During the long term operation, the measured voltage starts from 733 mV and ends at 723 mV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances of Plasma Sprayed Metal‐supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stack

et al. 2018

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The metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cell (MS‐SOFC) consisting of a porous Ni‐Mo as metal‐support, a La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3–δ (LSCM) as diffusion barrier layer, a nano‐structured Ce0.55La0.45O3–δ (LDC)‐Ni as anode layer, a LDC as anode interlayer, a La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ (LSGM) as electrolyte, a Sm0.15Ce0.85O3–δ (SDC) as cathode interlayer, a 50 wt.% SDC–50 wt.% Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3–δ (SSC) as composite cathode interlayer and a 25 wt.% SDC–75 wt.% SSC as cathode current collector are prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The 25 cm2 cell delivers maximum power densities of 962 and 1,119 mW cm−2 at 700 and 750 °C. The durability, thermal cycling and redox cycling tests of this cell show the cell have good durability, thermal cycle stability and redox stability. The assembled single cell stack of 100 cm2 cell shows electric output powers of 39 W (481 mW cm−2) and 27.4 W (338 mW cm−2) at 750 °C and 700 °C. The long‐term stability test of this single cell stack shows a degradation rate of about 0.77% k−1 h−1 over 1,770 h at 400 mA cm−2 and 700 °C. Furthermore, a 25‐cell MS‐SOFC stack is assembled to evaluate the power performance and it shows a stack power of 829.8 W at 19.85 V and 740 °C.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances of Plasma Sprayed Metal‐supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stack

et al. 2018

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“…Prior to 2010, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) had introduced thermal spray processes for cell fabrication . The original cell was based on NiO + YSZ//YSZ//LSM and generated power density of 150 mW/cm 2 power density at 0.7 V at 800°C.…”

Section: Review Of Technology and Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further collaboration of DLR with BMW Group resulted in performance improvements of 320 mW/cm 2 at the same temperatures. Plansee SE and Sulzer Metco AG with Elring Klinger AG, joined the original partners in targeting a proof‐of‐concept stack for APU applications . The backbone for this cell was a porous ferritic steel of about 1 mm thickness, on to which were deposited all the catalytic and electrolytic layers by thermal spray/plasma spray (PS) deposition methods.…”

Section: Review Of Technology and Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A diffusion barrier layer (DBL) was also introduced between the steel support and the anode—it was deposited by atmospheric PS (APS) and in some cases, by physical vapor deposition (PVD). This DBL, comprising perovskite‐type material (developed at DLR and Plansee), was used to prevent counter diffusion of Cr, Fe, and Ni species from the substrate to the anode functional layer and vice versa—this innovation resulted in the enhanced durability of the cells beyond 2000 h …”

Section: Review Of Technology and Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the schematic shown in Figure and the photograph in Figure , ICs (bipolar plates/ICs) were made from the Plansee ITM alloy, as it has higher mechanical strength compared to Crofer 22 APU. A maximum power density of 0.6 W/cm 2 at 800°C with hydrogen + nitrogen is observed for this design.…”

Section: Review Of Technology and Product Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells

Krishnan

2017

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MSCs) offer certain strategic advantages over the more conventional solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which comprise only ceramic materials. Since alloys such as ferritic steels are very similar in their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) with ceramic components, viz., cerias, zirconias, and nickel oxide doped with either of them, they could provide excellent thermal cyclability while maintaining a strong interlayer bond. Therefore, in an anode‐supported cell the entire NiO‐ceramic support can be replaced by a ferritic steel porous support—the catalytically active NiO is therefore, a functional layer only. A huge savings in materials cost is achievable, because cerias and zirconias [usually doped with Y, Gd, Sm rare earth (RE) elements] are considerably more expensive that ferritic steels. Lowering the capital costs for SOFCs is an extensive global undertaking with US Department of Energy (DOE) laying down targets such as ~$ 200/kW for the stack itself, in order for SOFCs to become competitive with grid power costs and to offer a power source that promises 24 × 7 power supply for critical applications. This will eventually lead to a premier electricity generation device in the distributed power space, with the highest known electrical efficiencies (>50%). MSCs need very robust, high precision, and cost‐effective manufacturing techniques, which are scalable to high volumes. One of the main goals in this review is to showcase some of the work done in this area since the last review (2010), and to assess the technology challenges, and new solutions that have emerged over the past few years. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e246. doi: 10.1002/wene.246 This article is categorized under: Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials

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Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis

et al. 2019

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High‐temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising hydrogen production technology and has attracted substantial research attention over the last decade. While most studies are conducted on hydrogen electrode‐supported type cells, SOEC operation using metal‐supported cells has received minimal attention. The development of metal‐supported SOECs with performance similar to the best conventional SOECs is reported. These cells have stainless steel supports on both sides, 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte and electrode backbones, and nano‐structured catalysts infiltrated on both hydrogen and oxygen electrode sides. Samarium‐doped ceria (SDC) mixed with Ni is infiltrated as a hydrogen electrode catalyst, and the effect of ceria:Ni ratio is studied. On the oxygen electrode side, catalysts including lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), and their composite catalysts with SDC (i.e., LSM‐SDC, LSCF‐SDC, and Pr6O11‐SDC) are compared. Using the materials with highest catalytic activity (Pr6O11‐SDC and SDC40‐Ni60) and optimizing the catalyst infiltration processes, excellent electrolysis performance of metal‐supported cells is achieved. Current densities of −5.31, −4.09, −2.64, and −1.62 A cm−2 are achieved at 1.3 V and 50 vol% steam content at 800, 750, 700, and 650 °C, respectively.

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Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Stacks for Auxilary Power Units - Progress, Challenges and Lessons Learned

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

Performances of Plasma Sprayed Metal‐supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stack

Performances of Plasma Sprayed Metal‐supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stack

Recent developments in metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells

Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis

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