Recent developments in metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells

Krishnan, V.

doi:10.1002/wene.246

Cited by 80 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…35 A summary of reported key performances in laboratory scale, using different manufacturing process and materials is provided in Table 13 of the recent MS-SOFC review from 2017 by Krishnan. 1 From the summary it is clear that the performances reported within the present study are superior compared to the reviewed studies in Ref. 1 in particular if temperature is taken into consideration.…”

Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Towards High Power Density Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications

Nielsen

Persson

Muhl

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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For use of metal supported solid oxide fuel cell (MS-SOFC) in mobile applications it is important to reduce the thermal mass to enable fast startup, increase stack power density in terms of weight and volume and reduce costs. In the present study, we report on the effect of reducing the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) SoA MS-SOFCs support layer thickness from 313 μm gradually to 108 μm. The support layer thickness decrease in the DTU co-sintering MS-SOFC fabrication route results in an increased densification of the support layer and a slight decrease in performance. To mitigate the performance loss, two different routes for increasing the porosity of the support layer and thus performance were explored. The first route is the introduction of gas channels by puncturing of the green tape casted support layer. The second route is modification of the co-sintering profile. In summary, the cell thickness and thus weight and volume was reduced and the cell power density at 0.7 V at 700 • C was increased by 46% to 1.01 Wcm −2 at a fuel utilization of 48%. All modifications were performed on a stack technological relevant cell size of 12 cm × 12 cm. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is attractive due to the excellent power generation efficiency and fuel flexibility. The conventional ceramic electrolyte and anode supported SOFC (AS-SOFC) is limited to stationary power generation applications as a result of the difficulty of quick startup and the high operating temperatures of 700 to 1000 • C. If quick startup of a SOFC is realized, mobile applications may be considered. To enable this, it is important to shorten the startup time and reduce the heat cycle performance degradation and increase stack power density both in terms of weight and volume. As an approach to solving these problems, metal supported SOFCs (MS-SOFCs) have attracted attention. The development of this new generation of SOFC is currently in progress. DTU Energy's MS-SOFC technology is based on co-sintering of laminated tape casted electrolyte, anode and support layers in a reducing atmosphere. This implies that the sintering shrinkage of the different layers must be matched sufficiently so that the mechanical stresses originating from any mismatch in sintering shrinkage of the individual layers can be absorbed by the cell structure. If the cell structure is unable to absorb the mechanical stresses, the cell will crack. Perfect matching of sintering shrinkage of the layers is practically very difficult as e.g. the electrolyte layer needs to be completely dense and thus gastight, while the anode and support layers in contrast needs to be highly porous to allow sufficient gas transport.An overview and recent progress of MS-SOFCs have been reviewed in Ref. 1. The company Ceres Power founded in 2001 is at present the organization, which most effectively has demonstrated up scaled large cell sized >80 cm 2 MS-SOFC stack technology. This is followed by consortia involving the company Plansee. At last MS-SOFC stacking has been demonstrated within consortia consi...

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Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Towards High Power Density Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications

Nielsen

Persson

Muhl

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…From the intermittent operating point of view, however, conventional all‐ceramic cell structures may not be ideal due to low tolerance for redox cycling and thermal cycling. Instead, metal‐supported solid oxide cells (MS‐SOCs) that incorporate a porous ferritic steel as substrate could become a potential solution for intermittent applications, primarily due to their unique advantages of good redox stability and excellent thermal cycling resistance . Advantages of metal‐supported cells over conventional all‐ceramic cells also include low‐cost structural materials (stainless steels) and mechanical ruggedness, showing high potential of MS‐SOCs for mobile and/or intermittent application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) that incorporate a porous ferritic steel as substrate could become a potential solution for intermittent applications, primarily due to their unique advantages of good redox stability and excellent thermal cycling resistance. [41][42][43] Advantages of metal-supported cells over conventional all-ceramic cells also include low-cost structural materials (stainless steels) and mechanical ruggedness, showing high potential of MS-SOCs for mobile and/or intermittent application. In recent years, substantial development of metal-supported fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) has resulted in excellent performance and durability, and demonstration of the unique advantages discussed above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis

et al. 2019

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High‐temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising hydrogen production technology and has attracted substantial research attention over the last decade. While most studies are conducted on hydrogen electrode‐supported type cells, SOEC operation using metal‐supported cells has received minimal attention. The development of metal‐supported SOECs with performance similar to the best conventional SOECs is reported. These cells have stainless steel supports on both sides, 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte and electrode backbones, and nano‐structured catalysts infiltrated on both hydrogen and oxygen electrode sides. Samarium‐doped ceria (SDC) mixed with Ni is infiltrated as a hydrogen electrode catalyst, and the effect of ceria:Ni ratio is studied. On the oxygen electrode side, catalysts including lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), and their composite catalysts with SDC (i.e., LSM‐SDC, LSCF‐SDC, and Pr6O11‐SDC) are compared. Using the materials with highest catalytic activity (Pr6O11‐SDC and SDC40‐Ni60) and optimizing the catalyst infiltration processes, excellent electrolysis performance of metal‐supported cells is achieved. Current densities of −5.31, −4.09, −2.64, and −1.62 A cm−2 are achieved at 1.3 V and 50 vol% steam content at 800, 750, 700, and 650 °C, respectively.

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“…Because of these cost and operational advantages, MS-SOFCs are being developed for applications that require fast-start or intermittent operation, including personal power generators [17,20,21], residential combined heat and power [19], vehicle range extenders [22][23][24], and electrolysis cells for conversion of variable power sources such as wind and solar [25][26][27]. Details of MS-SOFC materials selection, cell architecture, processing approaches, and notable cell and system demonstrations are available in various review articles [28][29][30]. Ferritic stainless steel is a typical choice for the metal support, as it displays good oxidation resistance below about 800 °C, has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is similar to common SOFC ceramic materials, and is very inexpensive compared to other alloys with similar corrosion resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells

2019

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Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fr6v5mf Journal Solid State Ionics, 332(Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 2010) Abstract Proton conducting oxide electrolyte materials could potentially lower the operating temperature of metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) to the intermediate range 400 to 600 °C. The porous metal substrate provides the advantages of MS-SOCs such as high thermal and redox cycling tolerance, low-cost of structural materials, and mechanical ruggedness. In this work, viability of co-sintering fabrication of metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide cells is investigated. Candidate proton conducting oxides including perovskite oxides BaZr 0.7 Ce 0.2 Y 0.1 O 3-δ , SrZr 0.5 Ce 0.4 Y 0.1 O 3-δ , and Ba 3 Ca 1.18 Nb 1.82 O 9-δ , pyrochlore oxides La 1.95 Ca 0.05 Zr 2 O 7-δ and La 2 Ce 2 O 7 , and acceptor doped rare-earth ortho-niobate La 0.99 Ca 0.01 NbO 4 are synthesized via solid state reactive or sol-gel methods. These ceramics are sintered at 1450 °C in reducing environment alone and supported on Fe-Cr alloy metal support, and their key characteristics such as phase formation, sintering property, and chemical compatibility with metal support are determined. Most electrolyte candidates suffer from one or more challenges identified for this fabrication approach, including: phase decomposition in reducing atmosphere, evaporation of electrolyte constituents, contamination of the electrolyte with Si and Cr from the metal support, and incomplete electrolyte sintering. In contrast, La 0.99 Ca 0.01 NbO 4 is found to be highly compatible with the metal support and co-sintering processing in reducing atmosphere. A metal-supported cell is fabricated with La 0.99 Ca 0.01 NbO 4 electrolyte, ferritic stainless steel support, Pt air electrode and nanoparticulate ceria-Ni hydrogen electrocatalyst. The total resistance is 50 Ω•cm 2 at 600 °C. This work clearly demonstrates the challenges, opportunities, and breakthrough of metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells by co-sintering fabrication.

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Recent developments in metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells

Cited by 80 publications

References 79 publications

Towards High Power Density Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications

Towards High Power Density Metal Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications

Metal‐Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis

Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells

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