Abstract:The sections in this article are
Introduction
General Considerations Regarding Substrates
Specific Requirements Imposed by Analysis Techniques
Polycrystalline, Textured, Single‐crystalline Substrates
Major Aspects Regarding Substrate Preparation/ Pretreatment
Substrates Used for
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“…While this is suitable for STM and possibly AFM studies, it does not meet requirements for large-area NmJ. There are a variety of other methods to improve the smoothness of metallic thin films, such as primer layer, ultrafast evaporation, or annealing (see ref for a detailed discussion on preparation of metallic substrates). The most promising method is template stripping, where a metallic thin film is first evaporated on a dummy substrate and then glued to a new mechanical support and peeled from its original substrate to expose its “inner” surface for monolayer formation. , If, as is usually the case, the monolayer is formed from solution then care should be taken that the adhesive required to glue the substrate to a mechanical support will not be extracted during the immersion in the monomer solution and contaminate the monolayer.…”
Section: Making a Junction: Inserting A Sam Between Two
Solid Electrodesmentioning
We review charge transport across molecular monolayers, which is central to molecular electronics (MolEl), using large-area junctions (NmJ). We strive to provide a wide conceptual overview of three main subtopics. First, a broad introduction places NmJ in perspective to related fields of research and to single-molecule junctions (1mJ) in addition to a brief historical account. As charge transport presents an ultrasensitive probe for the electronic perfection of interfaces, in the second part ways to form both the monolayer and the contacts are described to construct reliable, defect-free interfaces. The last part is dedicated to understanding and analyses of current-voltage (I-V) traces across molecular junctions. Notwithstanding the original motivation of MolEl, I-V traces are often not very sensitive to molecular details and then provide a poor probe for chemical information. Instead, we focus on how to analyze the net electrical performance of molecular junctions, from a functional device perspective. Finally, we point to creation of a built-in electric field as a key to achieve functionality, including nonlinear current-voltage characteristics that originate in the molecules or their contacts to the electrodes. This review is complemented by a another review that covers metal-molecule-semiconductor junctions and their unique hybrid effects.
“…While this is suitable for STM and possibly AFM studies, it does not meet requirements for large-area NmJ. There are a variety of other methods to improve the smoothness of metallic thin films, such as primer layer, ultrafast evaporation, or annealing (see ref for a detailed discussion on preparation of metallic substrates). The most promising method is template stripping, where a metallic thin film is first evaporated on a dummy substrate and then glued to a new mechanical support and peeled from its original substrate to expose its “inner” surface for monolayer formation. , If, as is usually the case, the monolayer is formed from solution then care should be taken that the adhesive required to glue the substrate to a mechanical support will not be extracted during the immersion in the monomer solution and contaminate the monolayer.…”
Section: Making a Junction: Inserting A Sam Between Two
Solid Electrodesmentioning
We review charge transport across molecular monolayers, which is central to molecular electronics (MolEl), using large-area junctions (NmJ). We strive to provide a wide conceptual overview of three main subtopics. First, a broad introduction places NmJ in perspective to related fields of research and to single-molecule junctions (1mJ) in addition to a brief historical account. As charge transport presents an ultrasensitive probe for the electronic perfection of interfaces, in the second part ways to form both the monolayer and the contacts are described to construct reliable, defect-free interfaces. The last part is dedicated to understanding and analyses of current-voltage (I-V) traces across molecular junctions. Notwithstanding the original motivation of MolEl, I-V traces are often not very sensitive to molecular details and then provide a poor probe for chemical information. Instead, we focus on how to analyze the net electrical performance of molecular junctions, from a functional device perspective. Finally, we point to creation of a built-in electric field as a key to achieve functionality, including nonlinear current-voltage characteristics that originate in the molecules or their contacts to the electrodes. This review is complemented by a another review that covers metal-molecule-semiconductor junctions and their unique hybrid effects.
“…The working electrode in the SFM experiments was template-stripped gold (TSG). 19 High grade mica samples (6.25 cm 2 ) were freshly cleaved with adhesive tape. Two mica pieces were immediately placed cleaved-side-down onto the sample holder, and 200 nm gold was deposited in a physical vapor deposition apparatus.…”
Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The deflection sensor micrographs were filtered by a Sobel operator. The working electrode in the SFM experiments was template-stripped gold (TSG) . High grade mica samples (6.25 cm 2 ) were freshly cleaved with adhesive tape.…”
The first electrochemical in situ scanning force microscopy and time-resolved in situ electrochemical quartz microbalance investigations prove that the formation of a crystalline protein monolayer of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM2177 on gold is only possible when solvated hydroxide and perchlorate in the outer Helmholtz plane can be replaced by the protein carboxylate functions. Under electrochemical conditions of specific adsorption of perchlorate, however, its replacement by the protein is inhibited, and the electrochemical oxidation of amino acids together with protein denaturation takes place leading to a chaotic deposition of protein multilayers.
“…To fixing the sample is necessary to attach the biomaterial to the sample holder. Substrates that are frequently used include glass cover slips, mica, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, silicon oxide wafers, and atomically flat gold (Schneeweiss and Rubinstein 2007). The substrate used from AFM depends of the sample that one desires to measure for example, the majority of living cells such as smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, attach well to classical substrates like polystyrene or glass.…”
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