Metal-related electrocatalysts for Li–CO₂batteries: an overview of the fundamentals to explore future-oriented strategies

Abstract

In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the recovery and utilization of clean CO2 in energy storage systems have attracted significant attention from researchers. Recently, Li- CO2 batteries,...

Boosting Active Species Ru‐O‐Zr/Ce Construction at the Interface of Phase‐Transformed Zirconia‐Ceria Isomerism toward Advanced Catalytic Cathodes for Li‐CO2 Batteries

“…[11][12][13][14] Although many advances have been made in the development of non-noble metal-based materials for the replacement of the ruthenium as a catalyst, ruthenium (Ru) remains an important electrocatalyst candidate for Li-CO 2 batteries cathodes due to its special d-band center structure, feasible modification of the bonding environment and high surface energy. [15] Therefore, it has become an essential strategy to boost the usage efficiency of Ru active species in Ru-based catalytic cathodes system, such as the nano-topography modulation, [16,17] surface agglomeration suppression, [18,19] supported-Ru construction [20,21] and so on. Notably, loaded Ru on suitable support surface in the form of constructing new chemical bonds not only boosts the utilization of Ru, but also enables the reorganization of the electronic structure at the heterogeneous catalytic interface, which in turn facilitates the adsorption of CO 2 and the subsequent reduction reaction.…”

Review on CO2 Management: From CO2 Sources, Capture, and Conversion to Future Perspectives of Gas-Phase Electrochemical Conversion and Utilization

“…In this regard, the development of noble metal nanocatalysts as well as functional carbon material-supported metal-based catalysts has been proposed to facilitate Li 2 CO 3 decomposition and consequent improvement in reversibility as well as decreasing the overpotentials of Li/CO 2 cells. 376,380,383,384 On the other hand, some efforts have been focused on the types of electrolytes, where molten electrolytes have been proposed to overcome the aforementioned challenges. 377,378 Accordingly, a power density of 33.4 mW cm −2 during 300 cycles has been obtained using molten electrolytes at 150 °C.…”

“…From an encouraging perspective, looking at CO 2 as an environmental problem can be transformed into an economic opportunity through current progress in CO 2 utilization. More recently, galvanic cells based on CO 2 reduction in the cathode, instead of O 2 , in rechargeable Li/CO 2 batteries, − CO 2 /H 2 fuel cells, − or even CH 4 /CO 2 –O 2 fuel cells , have been developed. These ideas fascinatingly provide dual beneficial effects: decreasing CO 2 in the atmosphere while at the same time generating electricity.…”

Lithium-CO2 batteries and beyond

“…However, there are other materials that can be explored for efficient catalyst including single metal-based compounds (Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, Zn and Cu), and mixed metal compounds (FeCoW, NiCoOx, CoFeOx, LaMnO 3 ; C. Liu et al, 2012;Sun Y. et al, 2021). Furthermore, potential transition metal based catalysts can be reviewed in literature (Franco et al, 2020;Azaiza-Dabbah et al, 2022;Lv et al, 2022).…”