Lithium-CO2 batteries and beyond

Abstract

Li-CO2 batteries with a theoretical energy density of 1,876 Wh kg−1 are attractive as a promising energy storage strategy and as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by CO2 reduction and the formation of discharge product Li2CO3 and carbon. This article provides critical perspectives on the development of Li-CO2 batteries as well as a description of current issues and challenges associated with cathode catalysts, electrolyte, and anode for Li-CO2 batteries. Furthermore, the development and deployment of materials to overcome these challenges of Li-CO2 batteries are discussed briefly. Finally, a systematic analysis of beyond Li-CO2 batteries (other Metal-CO2 batteries) as a potential research direction in the development of energy storage and CO2 fixation and utilization in practical applications is provided.

C60 and Derivatives Boost Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis: Electron Buffers to Heterojunctions

“…The exacerbation of environmental issues, such as the greenhouse effect, has been primarily attributed to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. [165] Addressing the issue of greenhouse gas emissions through the room-temperature electrochemical reduction of CO 2 into valuable chemicals holds [162] Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry. g) Schematic for fullerenes loaded MOF composites for electroreduction of CO 2 .…”

“…The exacerbation of environmental issues, such as the greenhouse effect, has been primarily attributed to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. [ 165 ] Addressing the issue of greenhouse gas emissions through the room‐temperature electrochemical reduction of CO 2 into valuable chemicals holds significant promise. Many research efforts have been dedicated to identifying effective methodologies for reducing CO 2 and producing valuable compounds.…”

CO2 Crossover to the Li Anode and Its Implications on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Composition in a Rechargeable Li–CO2 Battery

“…Metal–CO 2 batteries, apart from being an important emerging battery conversion chemistry, constitute an effective strategy to directly obtain high-value solid products such as metal carbonates and organics via the cathode CO 2 reduction . Among metal–CO 2 batteries, Li–CO 2 delivers the highest energy density of 1876 Wh kg –1 (potential = 2.8 V Li + |Li). − The research efforts have predominantly focused on designing novel electrocatalysts for higher CO 2 redox and Li–CO 2 battery performance. − In the journey to establishing a stable Li–CO 2 battery, a critical point that has been probed to a lesser extent is the stability of the Li metal anode in the light of CO 2 crossover. The CO 2 crossover to the Li metal poisons it and simultaneously impacts the chemical composition of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). ,, Thus, a holistic pursuit should be to generate an efficient CO 2 cathode and simultaneously mitigate challenges at the Li metal anode, which typically arise as a result of the underlying redox chemistry of the Li–CO 2 cell.…”