Metal-Oxide Particles in Combustion Engine Exhaust

Mayer, Andreas; Ulrich, Andrea; Czerwiński, Jan; Mooney, John J.

doi:10.4271/2010-01-0792

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As expected [7], an increase in the number of particles with diameters in the range of up to about 40 nm was clearly detected in the SATACEN exhaust. These particles mainly originate from nucleation of the additive [14,30] and can be assumed to consist mainly of Fe 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Assessment Of the Toxicological Responsessupporting

confidence: 51%

“…In order to cope with these regulations, a number of exhaust aftertreatment systems have been developed, among the most common ones being diesel particle filters, and among these, the most notable ones are the wall-flow filters [5,6]. By forcing the exhaust stream through a porous ceramic matrix, DEPs can be removed from the emissions with efficiencies higher than 99 % [6,7]. To keep backpressures over the filter in a certain range, accumulating particles have to be combusted periodically; otherwise, fuel efficiency drops drastically, and the engine may be rendered nonfunctional [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of an iron-based fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel particle filter on exhaust toxicity in lung cells in vitro

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal-containing fuel additives catalyzing soot combustion in diesel particle filters are used in a widespread manner, and with the growing popularity of diesel vehicles, their application is expected to increase in the near future. Detailed investigation into how such additives affect exhaust toxicity is therefore necessary and has to be performed before epidemiological evidence points towards adverse effects of their application. The present study investigates how the addition of an iron-based fuel additive (Satacen®3, 40 ppm Fe) to low-sulfur diesel affects the in vitro cytotoxic, oxidative, (pro-)inflammatory, and mutagenic activity of the exhaust of a passenger car operated under constant, low-load conditions by exposing a three-dimensional model of the human airway epithelium to complete exhaust at the air-liquid interface.We could show that the use of the iron catalyst without and with filter technology has positive as well as negative effects on exhaust toxicity compared to exhaust with no additives: it decreases the oxidative and, compared to a non-catalyzed diesel particle filter, the mutagenic potential of diesel exhaust, but increases (pro-)inflammatory effects. The presence of a diesel particle filter also influences the impact of Satacen®3 on exhaust toxicity, and the proper choice of the filter type to be used is of importance with regards to exhaust toxicity.

show abstract

Section: Assessment Of the Toxicological Responsessupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an iron-based fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel particle filter on exhaust toxicity in lung cells in vitro

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…En plus du carbone suie, cette phase solide contient des métaux et des métaux oxydés provenant des additifs des huiles de lubrification et du carburant ainsi que de l'usure du moteur. Ces additifs contiennent des éléments métalliques comme composants fonctionnels tels le zinc et le magnésium pour les huiles et le cérium, le fer, le manganèse, le platine et le cuivre pour le carburant (Mayer et al 2010). Le carbone suie possède une faible capacité à se dissoudre dans les tissus biologiques comme la muqueuse pulmonaire, ce qui joue un rôle dans sa toxicité (Steiner et al 2012 ;, mais les composés toxiques adsorbés à la surface des particules ainsi que leurs propriétés physico-chimiques participent aussi à sa toxicité.…”

Section: Gaz D'échappement De Moteurs Dieselunclassified

Exposition aux gaz d’échappement diesel durant la gestation : quelles conséquences sur le développement foeto-placentaire ? Apport des modèles animaux

Valentino¹,

Tarrade²,

Chavatte‐Palmer³

2016

bavf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La pollution atmosphérique est un problème majeur pour la santé humaine, causant 3,7 millions de décès prématurés en 2012 dans le monde. Les personnes âgées, les enfants ou les asthmatiques sont les cibles des messages de prévention lors de pics de pollution alors que les femmes enceintes sont le plus souvent négligées. Pourtant, les études épidémiologiques et les travaux sur les modèles animaux indiquent que la pollution atmosphérique et ses composants peuvent perturber la fonction placentaire, réduire la croissance foetale et induire un stress oxydant et une inflammation. A long terme, ces effets peuvent participer à l'augmentation des risques de maladies métaboliques chez l'adulte. Il est donc important d'inclure les femmes enceintes dans les messages de prévention lors de pics de pollution atmosphérique et de continuer la recherche sur les effets à long terme grâce au recours aux modèles animaux.

show abstract

“…These lubricant-derived metallic particles (ash precursors) are generally transported to the DPF through the exhaust bound to the carbonaceous particulate matter [3]. While most of the PM and associated ash-related elements are trapped on the DPF, there is also increasing concern related to nano-size metal emissions from diesel engines, and in particular from gasoline engines not equipped with DPFs [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Measurements of Engine-Out Trace Elements: Application of a Novel Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Emissions Characterization

Jayne¹,

Brooks²,

Onasch³

et al. 2011

ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lubricant-derived trace element emissions are the largest contributors to the accumulation of incombustible ash in diesel particulate filters (DPF), eventually leading to filter plugging and an increase in engine fuel consumption. Particulate trace element emissions also pose adverse health effects and are the focus of increasingly stringent air quality regulations. To date, the rates and physical and chemical properties of lubricant-derived additive emissions are not well characterized, largely due to the difficulties associated with conducting the measurements. This work investigated the potential for conducting real-time measurements of lubricant-derived particle emissions. The experiment used the Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) developed by Aerodyne Research to measure the size, mass and composition of submicron particles in the exhaust. Results confirm the ability of the SP-AMS to measure engine-out emissions of calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur.Further, emissions of previously difficult to detect elements, such as boron, and low-level engine wear metals, such as lead, were also measured.This paper provides an overview of the results obtained with the SP-AMS, and demonstrates the utility of applying real-time techniques to engine-out and tailpipe-out trace element emissions. 2Copyright © 2011 by ASME Application of the SP-AMS for engine exhaust characterization followed a two-part approach: (1) measurement validation, and (2) measurement of engine-out exhaust. Measurement validation utilized a diesel burner with precise control of lubricant consumption. Results showed a good correlation between CJ-4 oil consumption and measured levels of lubricant-derived trace elements in the particle phase. Following measurement validation, the SP-AMS measured engine-out emissions from a medium-duty diesel engine, operated over a standard speed/load matrix.This work demonstrates the utility of state-of-the-art online techniques (such as the SP-AMS) to measure engine-out emissions, including trace species derived from lubricant additives. Results help optimize the combined engine-lubricant-aftertreatment system and provide a real-time characterization of emissions. As regulations become more stringent and emission controls more complex, advanced measurement techniques with high sensitivity and fast time response will become an increasingly important part of engine characterization studies.

show abstract

Metal-Oxide Particles in Combustion Engine Exhaust

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of an iron-based fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel particle filter on exhaust toxicity in lung cells in vitro

Effects of an iron-based fuel-borne catalyst and a diesel particle filter on exhaust toxicity in lung cells in vitro

Exposition aux gaz d’échappement diesel durant la gestation : quelles conséquences sur le développement foeto-placentaire ? Apport des modèles animaux

Real-Time Measurements of Engine-Out Trace Elements: Application of a Novel Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Emissions Characterization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About