Metal Oxide-Induced Instability and Its Mitigation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Thampy, Sampreetha; Xu, Weijie; Hsu, Julia W. P.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02371

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(250 reference statements)

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“…Reactions between metal oxides and perovskite have been previously reported, where the metal oxides (e.g., TiO 2 , NiO x , and SnO 2 ) can react with perovskite and cause decomposition of the organic cation at the interface. [33,89] SnO 2 can also react with perovskite because of its catalytic properties from the exposed facet and active defects on the surface under exterior stresses. Although SnO 2 is less photocatalytic than TiO 2 , it is not perfectly harmless to perovskite under UV illumination.…”

Section: Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

2022

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minimize interfacial charge accumulation and recombination. [9] In an n-i-p-structured PSC, the perovskite layer is coated on the n-type ETL, and the surface area and surface chemistry of the ETL directly affect the deposition and quality of the perovskite layer. Thus, ETL development has become one of the most important scientific subjects for developing highly efficient and stable n-i-p PSCs.To date, the commonly studied ETLs include n-type semiconducting oxides (e.g., TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, Zn 2 SnO 4 , and BaSnO 3 ) and organics (e.g., phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester [PCBM] and C 60 ). [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Key properties of ETLs include the proper band energy alignment with perovskite layer, high transmittance with wide bandgap, and high conductivity. Traditionally, the compact TiO 2 / mesoporous TiO 2 stack was a key component in efficient n-i-p PSCs, owing to its well-established deposition methods and suitable optoelectronic properties. However, TiO 2 exhibits drawbackssuch as photo catalytic properties under illumination and hightemperature annealing required to achieve proper crystallinitywhich can limit PSCs for commercialization. [18] Many researchers have explored alternative candidates to replace TiO 2 , targeting simple and low-temperature fabrication processes with low cost, good reproducibility, and high chemical stability.Among various candidates, SnO 2 stands out as a promising ETL that has received significant attention in recent years, [19][20][21][22] with the best PCE of SnO 2 -based n-i-p PSCs exceeding 25%. [23] The SnO 2 ETL often exhibits several preferred features such as wide bandgap with high transmittance, good charge mobility, proper band offsets relative to common perovskites, low-temperature processable synthesis, and decent chemical stability, all of which make SnO 2 ETLs great candidates for highly efficient and stable PSCs. [24,25] In this review, we highlight the main advances in the develop ment of SnO 2 for highly efficient and stable PSCs, with a focus on the n-i-p device configuration. To help understand the research trend of SnO 2 -based PSCs, we first provide an overview of key approaches leading to record PCEs based on the development of SnO 2 deposition methods in recent years. Next, we focus on the materials chemistry associated with SnO 2 , including defects, intrinsic properties, and impact on device characteristics. We discuss the issues and challenges related to SnO 2 development and SnO 2 /perovskite interface optimization, as well as various strategies developed to address these issues in recent years. We also highlight some SnO 2 implementations related to scalable processes and flexible devices that are Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on the regular n-i-p device architecture have reached above 25% certified efficiency with continuously reported improvements in recent years. A key common factor for these recent breakthroughs is the development of SnO 2 as an effective electron transport layer in these devices. In this article, the key ad...

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Section: Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

2022

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“…Because the SAM approach enables CTL-free fabrication of PSCs, improving the stability of SAMs on TCOs such as ITO or FTO should be a priority. Although these TCOs are not as reactive as other metal oxides, such as TiO 2 and ZnO, they can still react with perovskites over time, as any metal-oxide surface can oxidize a perovskite interface with dangling metal and oxygen atoms 157,186 . To preserve the long-term chemical and physical integrity of metal-oxide/perovskite interfaces, first, pinhole-free deposition of SAM is required to prevent any physical contact between the metal-oxide and perovskite layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of these chemical degradation pathways, it is beneficial to incorporate a thin and inert buffer layer at the metal-oxide/perovskite interface to prevent the interfacial reactions and the degradation of the absorber layer. Various barrier and/or passivation layers have been inserted at the metal-oxide/perovskite interface to address its chemical instability 157 . Most are insulating in nature, which can prevent efficient extraction of charges if their thickness is not controlled at the nanometre scale.…”

Section: Chemical Reactions At Metal-oxide/perovskite Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular engineering of contact interfaces for high-performance perovskite solar cells

et al. 2022

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Metal-oxide-based charge-transport layers have played a pivotal role in the progress of perovskite solar cells. Yet metal-oxide/perovskite interfaces are often highly defective, owing to both metal-oxide and perovskite surface defects. This results in non-radiative recombination and impedes charge transfer. Moreover, during operation, such interfaces may suffer from undesirable chemical reactions and mechanical delamination issues. Solving this multifaceted challenge requires a holistic approach to concurrently address the interfacial defect, charge-transfer, chemical stability and delamination issues, to bring perovskite solar cell technology closer to commercialization. With this motivation, we review and discuss the issues associated with the metal-oxide/perovskite interface in detail. With this knowledge at hand, we then suggest solutions based on molecular engineering for many, if not all, challenges that encumber the metal-oxide/ perovskite interface. Specifically, in light of the semiconducting and ultrafast charge-transfer properties of dyes and the recent success of self-assembled monolayers as charge-selective contacts, we discuss how such molecules can potentially be a promising solution for all metal-oxide/perovskite interface issues.Sections the mesoporous TiO 2 layer enabled chemisorption of a large quantity of dye molecules, the device could harvest a high proportion of the incident solar energy flux, and delivered a PCE of 7.1-7.9%. Nonetheless, the liquid electrolyte had many limitations, such as a limited Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author selfarchiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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“…Lead halide perovskite (LHP) materials have emerged as a promising light-harvesting semiconductor for single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving a rapid rise in the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to over 25% since 2009. − PSC device architectures exist in both N–I–P and P–I–N configurations, with each type presenting different advantages and challenges. − N–I–P device stacks currently have superior PCE but typically use transparent metal oxide layers as electron transport layers (ETLs) that require high-temperature fabrication methods and doped hole transport materials (HTMs) that can introduce device degradation pathways. ,− P–I–N device stacks can be processed with both ETLs and HTLs deposited at relatively low temperatures by vacuum deposition and solution processing, and generally the HTMs do not require doping. The current state-of-the-art P–I–N device architectures use C 60 or related derivatives as the ETL layer and dopant-free polymeric HTMs such as poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA)or poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5,diyl) (P3HT). , The relaxation of temperature requirements allows the use of flexible substrates, opening pathways for highly scalable fabrication methods such as roll-to-roll processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

Hoffman

Astridge

Park

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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As lead halide perovskites (LHPs) continue to achieve success as a lightharvesting material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), exploring and understanding other materials in the device stack become increasingly important. Particularly, selection of suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) that demonstrate high performance and stability is imperative in the design of P−I−N PSCs. Presented here are a family of 12 structurally related polymers based on either fluorene or carbazole main chains with select aromatic side groups that introduce tunable properties for use in PSCs. How properties such as the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, conductivity, glass-transition temperature, and wettability of the HTM affect the PSC performance is explored. Devices that incorporate the polymer HTMs perform well relative to PTAA in benchmark P−I−N PSC architectures while exhibiting similar or superior stability under accelerated aging studies. The relative synthetic simplicity and resultant performance of the HTMs in PSCs coupled with the ability to customize properties with different functional groups demonstrates the potential of this family of HTMs for a variety of LHP materials.

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Metal Oxide-Induced Instability and Its Mitigation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 98 publications

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Molecular engineering of contact interfaces for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

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Metal Oxide-Induced Instability and Its Mitigation in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 29 publications

References 98 publications

Advances in SnO2 for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO2 for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Molecular engineering of contact interfaces for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Polymer Hole Transport Material Functional Group Tuning for Improved Perovskite Solar Cell Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells

Advances in SnO₂ for Efficient and Stable n–i–p Perovskite Solar Cells