Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Energy Applications: Advances and Challenges

Abstract

Hydrogen is in limelight as an environmental benign alternative to fossil fuels from few decades. To bring the concept of hydrogen economy from academic labs to real world certain challenges need to be addressed in the areas of hydrogen production, storage, and its use in fuel cells. Crystalline metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) with unprecedented surface areas are considered as potential materials for addressing the challenges in each of these three areas. MOFs combine the diverse chemistry of molecular linkers with their ability to coordinate to metal ions and clusters. The unabated flurry of research using MOFs in the context of hydrogen energy related activities in the past decade demonstrates the versatility of this class of materials. In the present review, we discuss major strategical advances that have taken place in the field of "hydrogen economy and MOFs" and point out issues requiring further attention.

Recent advancement in consolidation of MOFs as absorbents for hydrogen storage

“…This problem has been attributed to the presence of weak adsorption sites on the MOFs and hydrogen. 16,131,123 Thus, it is important to control the interaction between the hydrogen and the surface sites in order to enhance hydrogen adsorption at temperatures above 77K. 16,82 Previous reports on H 2 adsorption on MOFs have indicated that an isosteric heat of H 2 adsorption around 15 kJ/mol would be needed to obtained high H 2 storage capacity in MOFs at ambient temperature.…”

“…16,131,123 Thus, it is important to control the interaction between the hydrogen and the surface sites in order to enhance hydrogen adsorption at temperatures above 77K. 16,82 Previous reports on H 2 adsorption on MOFs have indicated that an isosteric heat of H 2 adsorption around 15 kJ/mol would be needed to obtained high H 2 storage capacity in MOFs at ambient temperature. 16,82,134 However, it was found that H 2 storage capacity of SNU-15 MOF with enthalpy of 15 kJ/mol at zero coverage dropped sharply as the H 2 loading increases.…”

“…14 The United State Department of Energy (DoE) requirement for on board hydrogen storage systems with adsorbent and tank of 5.5 wt% or 40 kg/m 3 by 2025 has open new research development in various organizations across the world. 15,16 In order to meet this target, several materials have been studied as adsorbent for hydrogen storage. Amongst these materials are light weight chemical metal hydrides, aromatic compounds, carbon materials, and metal-organic frameworks.…”

Recent advances in the mechanisms of the hydrogen evolution reaction by non-innocent sulfur-coordinating metal complexes

“…Fotios Kamatsos fuel via the light-driven generation of hydrogen from aqueous protons. [2][3][4][5] Nature achieves the conversion of protons and electrons into molecular H 2 (2H + + 2e − → H 2 ) using the Earth abundant metals Ni and/or Fe in their active sites under ambient pressure and temperature. 6,7 Over the years, several groups have developed and studied synthetic metal complexes with excellent performances for electrocatalytic hydrogen production and some of them also provide highly efficient photocatalytic systems.…”

Overview on the Current Status of Hydrogen Energy Research and Development in India

“…However, the liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen requires approximately 30 % of hydrogen energy which means a great loss for the energy carrier . Besides, it provides a lower energy content of 8.4 MJ L −1 which is relatively low . Therefore, optimized liquefaction processes should be discovered to attain minimal loss and higher secured transport .…”