“…Although natural enzymes are extensively used in various fields, their catalytic activities were still susceptible to the extreme environment, e.g., heat, pH, organic solvents, mechanical stress, heavy metal, etc. Meanwhile, they present many shortcomings, such as high expense, low recyclability, poor operational stability and limited practical applications, e.g., the preparation, reaction, and storage requirements [81][82][83]. Nanomaterials-based artificial enzymes (nanozyme) have been particularly attractive since the discovery of Fe 3 O 4 NPs with peroxidase-like activity by Yan's group in 2007 [84].…”