Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts for C−H Bond Activation

Abstract

Converting light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, and cyclohexane into value-added chemicals and fuelp roducts by meanso fd irectC ÀHf unctionalization is an attractive methodi nt he petrochemical industry. As they emerge as ar elatively new class of porous solidm aterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing as single-site heterogeneous catalysts or catalytic supports for CÀHb ond activation. In contrast to the traditional microporous and mesoporous materials, MOFs feature high porosity, functional tunability,a nd molecular-level characterization for the study of structure-property relationships.T hese virtues make MOFs ideal platforms to develop catalysts for CÀHa ctivation with high catalytic activity,s electivity,a nd recyclability under relativelym ild reactionc onditions. This review highlightst he research aimed at the implementation of MOFs as single-site heterogeneousc atalysts for CÀHb ond activation.I tp rovidesi nsight into the rational design and synthesis of three types of stable MOF catalysts for CÀH bond activation,t hat is, i) metal nodes as catalytic sites, ii)the incorporation of catalytic sites into organic struts, and iii)the incorporation of catalytically active guest species into pores of MOFs. Here, the rational design and synthesis of MOF catalystst hat lead to the distinct catalytic property for CÀHb ond activation are discussed alongw ith the post-synthesis of MOFs, intriguing functions with MOF catalysts, and microenvironments that lead to the distinct catalytic properties of MOF catalysts.

Semiconductive microporous hydrogen-bonded organophosphonic acid frameworks

“…etal-organic frameworks (MOFs) emerged as revolutionary microporous materials at the beginning of the 21st century [1][2][3] . Owing to their well-ordered pores, which are surrounded by inorganic and organic components, MOFs have been used in a wide range of applications, such as gas storage/separation [4][5][6][7] , catalysis [8][9][10][11][12][13] , magnetism [14][15][16] , electric conductivity [17][18][19] , proton conductivity [20][21][22] , and drug delivery [23][24][25] . In parallel to MOF research, another closely related family of supramolecular architectures known as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) has attracted immense interest in recent years [26][27][28] .…”

Paramagnetic Ionic Liquid/Metal Organic Framework Composites for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 Separations

“…Literature shows that this class of materials has high CO 2 /CH 4 and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity performance, which makes MOFs promising materials for CO 2 capture/separation processes (Li et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2016). Their large specific surface areas, designable pore sizes and surface functionality, obtained through different synthesis methods that influence their physical and chemical properties (Li et al, 2018b), allow these materials to be used in other fields apart from gas separation/storage (Camacho et al, 2015;Li et al, 2018a;Nabais et al, 2018;Ribeiro et al, 2019), such as catalysis (Liu et al, 2019), drug delivery (Cai et al, 2019), sensing applications (Fang et al, 2018), or ion exchange (Desai et al, 2018).…”

In Vitro Studies of Fe3O4‐ZIF‐8 Core–Shell Nanoparticles Designed as Potential Theragnostics

“…MOFs represent crystalline porous coordination polymers, which consist of inorganic metal ions (or clusters) and organic ligands. [ 16 ] Due to their outstanding properties such as high internal surface area and chemical and design versatility, [ 17,18 ] MOFs have been suggested for various applications including gas storage and separation, [ 19,20 ] catalysis, [ 21–23 ] and also medicine. [ 24–26 ] For instance, ZIF‐8 (Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8), composed of Zn ions and imidazolate ligands, [ 27 ] has been considered as a promising drug delivery system due to its high porosity and suitable pH‐sensitive degradation.…”