“…42 Furthermore, the In 3d spectrum showed two prominent peaks at 445.8 and 453.6 eV, which corresponded to In 2 O 3 and In, respectively (Figure S6a). 19,43 As shown in Figure 4e, peaks at 706.1, 708.6, and 711.2 eV of the Fe 2p 3/2 spectrum were assigned to Fe, Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 2 O 3 , respectively. 44 More importantly, the Fe 2p 3/2 peaks at 709.8 can be attributed to FeS, 45 consistent with the peak at 161.5 eV in the S 2p signal.…”
Thiadiazole compounds and their derivatives have good
carrying
capacity and lubricating properties. Herein, polydopamine can be in
situ self-assembled onto gallium-based liquid metal (GLM) nanoparticles
via ultrasound treatment of bulk GLM nanoparticles in dopamine-containing
Tris aqueous solution followed by covalent bonding with a thiadiazole
dimer (DMCT) through Michael addition reactions. The as-prepared thiadiazole
dimer-functionalized liquid metal (GLM-DMCT) nanoparticles, with an
average particle size of 380 nm, can be used as nanoadditives in the
base oil (500SN). The tribological properties of GLM-DMCT as additives
were evaluated under various loads, temperatures, and frequencies,
and the results showed that GLM-DMCT additives have improved anti-friction
and anti-wear performances of 500SN. The coefficient of friction can
be reduced to 0.092 from 0.147 after adding 2 wt % GLM-DMCT, the wear
volume reduces by 89.7%, and the load-carrying capacity is increased
from 150 to 1050 N. The improved tribological performance is credited
to the formation of a stable, protective layer on the friction pair
via the complex tribo-chemical reaction of Ga, In, and S elements
of GLM-DMCT. Furthermore, the as-prepared GLM-DMCT exhibits good anti-corrosion
performance, which is attributed to the breaking of the disulfide
bond of DMCT, releasing the corrosion inhibitor DMTD during the corrosion
process.
“…42 Furthermore, the In 3d spectrum showed two prominent peaks at 445.8 and 453.6 eV, which corresponded to In 2 O 3 and In, respectively (Figure S6a). 19,43 As shown in Figure 4e, peaks at 706.1, 708.6, and 711.2 eV of the Fe 2p 3/2 spectrum were assigned to Fe, Fe 3 O 4 , and Fe 2 O 3 , respectively. 44 More importantly, the Fe 2p 3/2 peaks at 709.8 can be attributed to FeS, 45 consistent with the peak at 161.5 eV in the S 2p signal.…”
Thiadiazole compounds and their derivatives have good
carrying
capacity and lubricating properties. Herein, polydopamine can be in
situ self-assembled onto gallium-based liquid metal (GLM) nanoparticles
via ultrasound treatment of bulk GLM nanoparticles in dopamine-containing
Tris aqueous solution followed by covalent bonding with a thiadiazole
dimer (DMCT) through Michael addition reactions. The as-prepared thiadiazole
dimer-functionalized liquid metal (GLM-DMCT) nanoparticles, with an
average particle size of 380 nm, can be used as nanoadditives in the
base oil (500SN). The tribological properties of GLM-DMCT as additives
were evaluated under various loads, temperatures, and frequencies,
and the results showed that GLM-DMCT additives have improved anti-friction
and anti-wear performances of 500SN. The coefficient of friction can
be reduced to 0.092 from 0.147 after adding 2 wt % GLM-DMCT, the wear
volume reduces by 89.7%, and the load-carrying capacity is increased
from 150 to 1050 N. The improved tribological performance is credited
to the formation of a stable, protective layer on the friction pair
via the complex tribo-chemical reaction of Ga, In, and S elements
of GLM-DMCT. Furthermore, the as-prepared GLM-DMCT exhibits good anti-corrosion
performance, which is attributed to the breaking of the disulfide
bond of DMCT, releasing the corrosion inhibitor DMTD during the corrosion
process.
“…Since the 1Cu–In 2 O 3 sensor is an n-type SMO, then the density charge carriers are electrons . Therefore, when the 1Cu–In 2 O 3 sensor is exposed to ambient air as illustrated in Figure (a), the oxygen molecules will adsorb on its surface and generate chemisorbed oxygen ions by apprehending electrons from the conduction band of the 1Cu–In 2 O 3 product. , The type of chemisorbed oxygen ions forming on the surface relies on the working temperature (O 2 – , T < 100 °C; O – , 100 ≤ T ≤ 300 °C; O 2– , T > 300 °C) − In this study, the optimal working temperature obtained for this sensor is 80 °C, therefore O 2 ‑ is predominantly adsorbed on the 1Cu–In 2 O 3 sensor material as per equation . The formed O 2 – ions result in the formation of a thick electron depletion layer (EDL) on the sensor material; therefore, a high resistance will be produced by the 1Cu–In 2 O 3 sensor …”
Although most semiconductor metal oxides including In 2 O 3 show acceptable sensitivity to volatile organic compounds, it is difficult to detect ethanol effectively at low operating temperatures and detection levels. In this study, pure and Co-, Ni-, and Cu-doped In 2 O 3 products with their doping content maintained at 1 mol % were successfully produced using a hydrothermal approach. Explicit contrast on the structural, microstructural, and textural properties of the synthesized In 2 O 3 products was examined to determine their gas sensing performance. The Cu-doped In 2 O 3 sensor demonstrated improved response of 15.3 to 50 ppm ethanol and has satisfactory selectivity, stability, low detection limit of 0.2, humidity resistance, and decreased working temperature of 80 °C compared to 150 °C of the pure In 2 O 3 sensor. This optimal gas sensing performance is derived from the cube-like morphology assembled with interlinked nanoparticles, which favors trapping more target gas molecules and exposing more active sites, thereby greatly improving its sensing ability. This study showed that the Cu-doped In 2 O 3 sensor with 1 mol % is suitable for monitoring ethanol gas for food safety applications.
“…Afterward, a ceramic tube was soldered to the base. The gas test process of the gas sensor has been described in ref . The as-synthesized Au/α-Fe 2 O 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanocomposite material powders was immersed in ethanol to create a paste by milling, and then, carefully pasted onto the tube via a tiny brush to take shape a sensing membrane of the desired thickness, and the final painted sensor was fixed on the test board.…”
The
exploitation of RT sensors with ultra-great sensitivity and
unique ammonia (NH3) gas selectivity is still a major scientific
task in the field of gas sensing. In the article, a pristine α-Fe2O3 spindle was fabricated by applying the Fe-MIL(88)
as the precursor and the sample was smoothly immobilized on the appearance
of Ti3C2T
x
MXene
nanosheets through a simple solvothermal reaction, and subsequent
gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were decorated on the α-Fe2O3/Ti3C2T
x
MXene hybrid material through the in situ reduction process.
Gas-sensing measurements presented that the sensor based on the Au/α-Fe2O3/Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanocomposite exhibited a brilliant NH3 sensing
behavior, and the response value of the sensor to NH3 (1
ppm) reached 16.9% at RT under a relative humidity of 25.7%. Moreover,
the designed sensor indicated a response/recovery time as low as 3/2
s and good stability. The potential gas sensing mechanism on account
of the hybrid structure was discussed combined with the semiconductor
depletion layer model and the synergistic effect of the Au/α-Fe2O3/Ti3C2T
x
MXene ternary heterojunction and Schottky contact theory.
Meanwhile, the adsorption effect of NH3 gas was verified
by density functional theory calculation. This research is supposed
to offer a reliable tactic for large-scale manufacturing of cost-effective,
portable, and highly sensitive RT gas sensors.
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