Metal–Organic Framework Based 1D Nanostructures and Their Superstructures: Synthesis, Microstructure, and Properties

Abstract

Owing to their high and tunable porosity as well as great chemical diversity, metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise over the past 20 years for a wide range of applications, including gas storage/separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. To date, MOF nanoparticles (NPs) have mostly been obtained as polycrystalline powders or spherical nanocrystals while anisotropic MOFs nanocrystals have been less explored and are of interest in the fields of catalysis, sensing, and electronics. One of the main challenges for the practical application of MOFs is thus to control the crystal size, morphology, and multiscale porosity of these materials while developing adequate shaping strategies. In this review, we cover recent advances in the different synthetic strategies of onedimensional (1D) MOF nanocrystals as well as hierarchical porous superstructures based on tubular MOFs. We describe the architectures based on MOFs nanotubes (NTs), nanowires (NWs), and nanorods (NRs). Our discussion is focused on the synthetic approaches that drive the structure, crystallinity, size, and morphology of these hierarchical porous hybrid materials. Finally, their potential for different applications is presented.

Engineering of Metal–Organic Frameworks/Gelatin Hydrogel Composites Mediated by the Coacervation Process for the Capture of Acetic Acid

“…To date, MOFs have been mainly processed in the forms of pellets, granules, beads, fibers, and membranes, but in many cases, the accessibility to the MOF porosity is lost after shaping . This issue was mainly addressed through the integration of MOFs with diverse supporting materials such as carbon-based materials (polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, textile fibers), − thereby leading to multifunctional composites with a synergistic combination of the properties of MOFs (porosity, crystallinity) and the supporting matrix (mechanical stability, processability, etc.). Moreover, this strategy can also be efficient to impart novel functionalities such as enhanced stability and electron conductivity or extend their porosity in the meso- or macropore regime. − This hybridization of MOFs with carbon-based materials led to a wide diversity of composites used in many applications, including gas adsorption and separation, sensing, water purification, catalysis, and biotechnology. − However, these composites suffer frequently from a strong aggregation of MOF particles as a result of a poor interfacial compatibility between the MOF and the host matrix. , In particular, this MOF particle agglomeration is a recurrent phenomenon reported for composites prepared by blending polymer or graphene oxide host matrices with preformed MOF particles .…”

A novel cubic Zn‐citric acid‐based MOF as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles and 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] During the last two decades, a large number of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported in the literature; among them, Zn-based MOF with a very large surface area as well as high thermal resistance has drawn great attention due to its exceptional tunability and functionality and also its potential applications in many fields, especially in the catalytic synthesis of various organic and bioorganic molecules via organic transformations with scientific popularity. [33][34][35][36] In addition, due to the porous structure, the surface of Zn-based MOFs tends to greatly profit from generating the intimate interaction interface between Zn species and ligand. [37][38][39][40] Recently, some specific efforts have been made to design effective traditional-based MOF catalysts based on expensive metals.…”

Constructing strategies for hierarchically porous MOFs with different pore sizes and applications in adsorption and catalysis

“…Consequently, hierarchical porous MOFs with various mechanisms and their preparation methods are constantly emerging. 15,16,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] The current methods used to construct hierarchically porous MOFs usually have some drawbacks. For example, the template is easily repelled during the crystal growth process.…”