Metal hydrides for smart window and sensor applications

Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi; Langhammer, Christoph; Dam, B.

doi:10.1557/mrs.2013.129

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The switchable window effect has later been subject for intense research and development, and has enabled a new class of smart windows and optical hydrogen sensors [2]. Yttrium hydride is generally considered to belong to the class of the rare-earth metal hydrides, for which the metal-hydrogen phase diagram is divided in three phases [3]; the metallic phase with dissolved small amounts of hydrogen is called the α-phase; the metallic dihydride (YH 2 ) is known as the β-phase; and the semiconducting trihydride (YH 3 ) is known as the γ-phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electronic state of thin films of yttrium, yttrium hydrides and yttrium oxide

Mongstad

Thøgersen

Subrahmanyam

et al. 2014

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Thin films of yttrium hydride have for almost twenty years been under investigation for optoelectronic and solar energy applications due to the hydrogen-induced switching in electronic state from the metallic elemental yttrium and yttrium dihydride to the transparent semiconductor material yttrium trihydride. In this study, we investigate the electronic structure of yttrium, yttrium hydride and yttrium oxide by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and kelvin probe measurements. The investigated samples have been prepared by reactive sputtering deposition. We show that the electronic work function of transparent yttrium hydride is of 4.76 eV and that the recently discovered photochromic reaction lowers the electronic work function of the transparent hydride by 0.2 eV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electronic state of thin films of yttrium, yttrium hydrides and yttrium oxide

Mongstad

Thøgersen

Subrahmanyam

et al. 2014

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…In our group, we are developing new smart window-"switchable mirror window". This window can be switched between SC = 0.06 in summer and SC = 0.63 in winter [3], which are plotted in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direction Dependence of Savings on Cooling and Heating Loads by Energy Efficient Windows

Yoshimura¹

2014

JEPE

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Abstract:The energy saving performance of energy efficient windows has strong dependence on window direction. Transmitted insolation level definitely affected the cooling and heating load. Simple simulation on the decrement of cooling load and the increment of heating load of a shading window compared with those of a transparent window show the prospect of energy saving effect clearly. From southeastward to southwestward, shading window even enlarges total heating and cooling loads when the thermal transmission is the same. However, if the shading coefficient of window is switched between summer and winter, total cooling and heating load can be reduced. This result clarifies the importance of "smart window".

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“…Furthermore, we also discuss the influence of these IR managing windows on temperature control and energy savings in the built environment. Inorganicbased window solutions, including metallic based reflective layers, [28][29][30][31] photochromic, [3,32,33] electrochromic, [3,8,[34][35][36][37][38][39] and thermochromic [3,[40][41][42][43] systems, plasmonic nanoparticles, [36,[44][45][46] aerogel glazing, [47] privacy windows, [48] thin film photovoltaics, [49] and even microfluidic [50] based windows have not been discussed in this review, as they have already received considerable attention and discussion. Additionally, organic based window devices and materials primarily intended to absorb and control visible light passage, including electro-, [51][52][53] photo-, and thermochromic [3] windows, are also beyond the scope of this review of infrared control materials: they have already been detailed in a number of excellent review articles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Regulating Smart Window Based on Organic Materials

Khandelwal

Schenning

Debije

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

307

220

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(IR), here defined as light with wavelengths between 700 nm and 2500 nm, accounts for around 50% of the total energy emitted by the sun reaching Earth (Figure 1b), [3,4] and this light produces interior heating but is invisible to the unaided eye.The absorption of sunlight by building materials and passage of IR through transparent surfaces such as windows is responsible for much of the interior overheating of office rooms, automobile interiors, greenhouses, and other similar spaces. The use of artificial cooling and heating systems will only increase with the continued influence of global climate change, with energy used for cooling systems surpassing energy used for heating around the year 2070, and a 40 fold increase in air cooling energy use is expected by 2100. [5] By controlling the influx of radiant heat transfer, calculations show that more than 50% of the energy used in lighting, heating and cooling could be saved by deploying better control systems over only 18% of available window stock. [6] In areas with human inhabitants employing windows, more aspects must be considered than simply reducing the use of energy in the room: any switchable window used in, for example, a commercial office space has several other requirements that must be met before it may be installed. Among these requirement are reasonably fast switching speeds [7] (although for IR control, relatively longer times compared to visible light switching should be acceptable), good optical transparency with minimum haze, an acceptable device lifetime, [8] and functionality over a range of exterior temperatures. Controlling the excess of solar energy without compromising the visible transparency of the window is an important consideration for human health: maintaining inside/outside contact and daylighting are vital in retaining well-being and productivity, as well as providing economic and aesthetic gain by reducing the need for artificial lighting systems. [9,10] These are challenging goals for a window to realize.A number of materials have been developed over the past few decades to maintain indoor temperatures. Many of these focus on the opaque structural building elements like walls and roofing. [10][11][12][13] Other solutions target the transparent window, employing external mechanical shutters and blinds, [14] phase change materials (PCMs), [15] thermochromic materials, [16] aerogels, [17] trapped gas in fluid membranes, [18] and even phononic materials, [19] among other options. Indeed, controlling heat passage through the window in response to changing climate conditions is a great challenge; ideally, one would accomplish Windows are vital elements in the built environment that have a large impact on the energy consumption in indoor spaces, affecting heating and cooling and artificial lighting requirements. Moreover, they play an important role in sustaining human health and well-being. In this review, we discuss the next generation of smart windows based on organic materials which can change their properties by reflecting or trans...

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Metal hydrides for smart window and sensor applications

Cited by 51 publications

References 62 publications

The electronic state of thin films of yttrium, yttrium hydrides and yttrium oxide

The electronic state of thin films of yttrium, yttrium hydrides and yttrium oxide

Direction Dependence of Savings on Cooling and Heating Loads by Energy Efficient Windows

Infrared Regulating Smart Window Based on Organic Materials

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