Metal-free visible light photocatalytic carbon nitride quantum dots as efficient antibacterial agents: An insight study

Microwave assisted synthesis of negative-charge carbon dots with potential antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria

“…However, the CDs inducing the ROS generation have been reported in a lot of researches. 17,[30][31][32] Therefore, in the future work, we need to conduct further experiments to conrm this speculation.…”

“…In 2019, Yadav et al proved that graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots inhibit E. coli and S. aureus, and the toxicity is caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of visible light. 17 The above researches showed the CDs have different mechanisms for antibacterial, and importantly, all of the data demonstrated the different kinds of CDs have the potential against bacterial.…”

Different inactivation behaviors and mechanisms of representative pathogens (Escherichia coli bacteria, human adenoviruses and Bacillus subtilis spores) in g-C3N4-based metal-free visible-light-enabled photocatalytic disinfection

“…With an emphasis on sustainable development, photocatalytic water disinfection has become a promising disinfection alternative with the attractive features of little-to-no production of disinfection byproducts, possible complete inactivation of microbial pathogens and potential utilization of renewable solar energy ( Fernandez-Ibanez et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2019a ). In particular, metal-free visible-light-enabled photocatalytic water disinfection has a high solar light-harvesting capability while at the same time avoids the risk of metal leaching into the treated water ( Li et al, 2017a ; Yadav et al, 2019 ). Specifically, g-C 3 N 4 is rapidly emerging as an easily available and metal-free photocatalyst for various applications in both energy conversion and environmental purification ( Liu et al, 2015 ; Ong et al, 2016 ), since it was first found to have the ability to split water and generate hydrogen under visible light irradiation ( Wang et al, 2009 ).…”

Quaternized carbon quantum dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for treatment of wounds infected with mixed bacteria

“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), especially hetero-element doped CQDs with particle size of less than 10 nm, stand out in the eld of antibacterial research due to their advantageous properties including nontoxic nature, photostability, versatility in surface functionality for desired microbial adhesion and interactions, and their production from abundant and inexpensive precursors for extremely broad and low to ultralow cost applications [11][12][13][14][15][16] . At present, the mechanism of action of CQDs against bacteria mainly focuses on the three aspects of directly producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (•O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) 17,18 , producing ROS assisted by photoactivation or other compound 6,[19][20][21] and damaging the cell membrane caused by the insertion of surface controlled CQDs through electrostatic interaction and/or hydrophobic interaction [22][23][24] . However, the above mechanism cannot further explain the signaling pathway of antibacterial CQDs against bacteria at the molecular level and there has been a lack of in-depth understanding of the interaction between such CQDs and bacteria.…”