Metal-free nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres synthesized by thermal treatment of poly(o-phenylenediamine) for oxygen reduction reaction in direct methanol fuel cell applications

N-doped carbon layer coated thermally exfoliated graphene and its capacitive behavior in redox active electrolyte

“…Peaks at 1041, 837, and 749 cm -1 suggested the existence of substituted benzene ring C-H bending vibrations and out-of-plane vibrations [37]. The above observation indicated that the PPD component was coated on the surface of TEG by π-π interactions between the aromatic structure of PPD polymer and the honeycomb rings of graphene.…”

Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

“…graphene [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], carbon nanotubes [11,20,21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], carbon nanofibers [12,[44][45][46][47], mesoporous carbon [15,22], graphitic carbon [48,49], carbon spheres [19,[50][51][52][53], carbon nanocages 4 [54], flower-like carbon [55], carbon aerogel [56,57], vesicular carbon [58], nanodiamonds [59]) relatively few have been tested in actual fuel cell conditions [58,[60][61][62]…”

Synthesis–structure–performance correlation for poly(phenylenediamine)s/iron/carbon non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

“…The cost of widely used platinum catalysts is prohibitive in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), so the development of non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) with high ORR activity and stability has become a major focus of the PEMFC research [1,[6][7][8]. At present, NPMCs with high activity and stability in the acid solution are mainly synthesized through pyrolyzing of the precursors comprising transition metals, nitrogen and carbon (M N C) [9][10][11].…”