Graphene nanomesh material is a new type of two-dimensional porous material at the cutting edge of science and technology. Its planar porous structure is conducive to the longitudinal transmission of electrolyte ions, which shortens the ion transmission path, and effectively avoids the common problems of traditional graphene materials; for instance, electrolyte is not easy to infiltrate and π-π stacking causes low active area, poor longitudinal transmission and long ion transmission path. The graphene nanomesh materials show better performance than traditional graphene-based materials in the field of energy storage and conversion. This paper reviews the recent progress in the design and synthesis of various kinds of graphene nanomesh with customizable structure, high complexity of structure/composition, controllable morphology and enhanced electrochemical properties. The influence of the structural design of graphene nanomesh on the performance of energy storage and conversion is emphatically discussed, which may provide some inspiration for the relevant research in this field.