Metal dusting of type 316 stainless steel in high pressure environments between 450°C and 650°C

Study of metal dusting phenomenon and development of materials resistant to metal dusting. Final report.

“…7.1). It is reported that formation of pits by metal dusting initiates at defects in oxide scales (Levi et al 2002). The pits, observed in the present study, were almost perfectly round, and distributed randomly over the surface of the specimens.…”

Performance of chromia- and alumina-forming Fe- and Ni-base alloys exposed to metal dusting environments: The effect of water vapor and temperature

“…On Ni and alloy 600 specimens, Schneider et al [38] noticed a maximum carbon uptake rate at 625°C in a H 2 -24%CO-2%H 2 O gas mixture. On a 316SS specimen exposed at atmospheric pressure to a 75%H 2 -25%CO gas mixture at temperatures ranging from $450-650°C, Levi et al [18] observed a more severe metal dusting attack when the temperature was increased. Under the same gas mixture but at a total pressure of 2 MPa or 3 MPa, they reported a similar trend.…”

“…Finally, a 800H specimen subjected to a 454-777°C thermal gradient in a 24%CO-47%H 2 -6%CO 2 -23%H 2 O gas mixture at 4 Â 10 6 Pa underwent pitting over the 607-713°C range while at 2.5 Â 10 6 Pa, the pits were scattered over the 605-676°C range (with the maximum number of pits reported respectively at 650-660°C and 610-620°C) [17]. Based on these last two studies that pointed out a greater degradation under high total pressures for temperatures around 650°C [17,18], the current series of tests focused on this temperature. While increasing temperature leads to a decrease in a c , it also results in faster diffusion, which should favor the establishment of a continuous chromia/alumina layer at higher temperatures.…”

“…The influence of alloy grain size [3,9], surface finish, cold working [3,[9][10][11][12] or the addition of a coating [13][14][15][16] on the resistance to such corrosion has been evaluated. Other studies were interested in the effect of parameters defining the metal dusting environment: temperature [12,17], total pressure [11,[17][18][19] or gas composition [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Magnetic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of carburised surfaces

“…SEM has shown 316 alloys are covered in fine filaments during accelerated laboratory testing in high pressure test rigs at elevated temperature [5,6]. The TEM micrograph in Fig.…”