Magnetic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of carburised surfaces

Stevens, Kenneth N.; Parbhu, A; Soltis, Jared

doi:10.1016/j.cap.2003.11.034

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The samples of known ferrite percentages were prepared and inductance values of samples are measured and relationship between inductance and percentage ferrite was established. In case of carburized steel, Stevens et al 9 observed that the ET method was able to differentiate between microstructure states and also confirmed his observations by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic force macroscopy. Burzic et al 10 evaluated decarburization of spring steel 13 studied the effects of heat treatment on the spring steel processed by recrystallization and partial melting method and they observed homogeneous hardness after tempering because of uniform distribution of alloying elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Evaluation of eddy current signatures for predicting different heat treatment effects in chromium–vanadium (CrV) spring steel

Hashmi¹,

Khan

Khan³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The nondestructive test method (eddy current) was employed to study the effect of different heat treatment cycles (normalizing, annealing, quenching, and tempering) on chromium-vanadium (CrV) spring steel. The calibration of eddy current setup was carried out as per ASTM E566 and frequency optimization for the evaluation of heat treatment was carried out in absolute mode using shielded eddy current testing core probe. The eddy current signatures successfully distinguished the effect of different heat treatments cycles and variation in hardness for CrV samples. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the different microstructures as predicted by the eddy current testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Evaluation of eddy current signatures for predicting different heat treatment effects in chromium–vanadium (CrV) spring steel

Hashmi¹,

Khan

Khan³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…More recently, Uchimoto et al [12,13] have tried with success to apply eddy current to the study of pearlite proportion in a grey cast iron. For casecarburized steel, Stevens et al [14] have confirmed, by using TEM and magnetic force macroscopy, that this method is able to determine the microstructure state. In addition, Moorthy et al [15] and Zergoug et al [16] have proposed to connect the mechanical micro-hardness modifications induced by carburizing to the magnetic properties variations.…”

Section: Prior Eddy Current Theorymentioning

confidence: 73%

Eddy currents and hardness testing for evaluation of steel decarburizing

Mercier¹,

Lesage²,

Decoopman³

et al. 2006

NDT & E International

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“…Being used to analyse defects, Uchimoto [12] has tested eddy current to study modifications of microstructure and, in particular, graphite morphology associated to the mechanical properties of grey and ductile cast iron made. For case-carburised steel, Stevens [13] confirm that this method can also be used to determine the microstructure state. In addition, Moorthly [14] and Zergoug [15] proposed to connect the mechanical micro-hardness modifications induced by carburizing to eddy current variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Combined Micro-Hardness and Eddy Currents Applied to the Study of Steel Decarburizing

Mercier

Chicot

2006

Matéria (Rio J.)

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Carbon is the most important element going in the steels composition since it largely contributes to their mechanical performance. During the heat treatment of steels, a part of atoms of carbon could be removed from the superficial zone of the steel, which is the result of the atmospheric oxygen attraction by forming gaseous carbon monoxide. This phenomenon, called decarburizing, can change microstructure in a large extent and, as a result, mechanical properties of the steel. This could lead to unsuitable properties for the service life of mechanical parts. In order to prevent such part from breaking in service, it is necessary to know the affected zone by the decarburizing process. For this purpose, the most used technique is a visual observation by optical microscopy of a cross section of the material. This technique is often associated to the hardness profile obtained by Vickers or Knoop indentations in the same section. Depending on the material and on the specimen preparation, some discrepancies are often observed between the two informations. On the other hand, these techniques require a long preparation and cautious interpretation. Then we propose here to use eddy current testing, which is widely employed to detect fatigue cracks, to give some information about changes in microstructure and to examine carburizing of steel from both mechanical and microstructural point of view. For carburizing, eddy current has been successfully connected to the increase of micro-hardness near the surface. This last result has particularly motivated us to use eddy current to analyze decarburizing. In the present work, different durations in the furnace at a temperature of 920°C before oil quenching were performed on 54SiCrV6 (SAE 92V45) steel in order to obtain various morphologies of the decarburized zone. We show that eddy current test may be used to qualify the level of decarburizing since, after a convenient Fourier transformation, three components of the amplitude of the signal are directly linked to the duration of the heat treatment. Associated to optical and hardness measurements, it is also shown that the eddy current signal is well related to the decarburizing depth.

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Magnetic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of carburised surfaces

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of eddy current signatures for predicting different heat treatment effects in chromium–vanadium (CrV) spring steel

Evaluation of eddy current signatures for predicting different heat treatment effects in chromium–vanadium (CrV) spring steel

Eddy currents and hardness testing for evaluation of steel decarburizing

Combined Micro-Hardness and Eddy Currents Applied to the Study of Steel Decarburizing

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