Metal chelates as synergistic flame retardants for flexible PVC

Tian, C. M.; Qu, Hongqiang; Wu, Weihong; Guo, H. Z.; Xu, Jianzhong

doi:10.1002/vnl.20038

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In fact, for the sample of plasticized PVC without fire-retardant additives, just over 65% was lost, with somewhat smaller losses for the samples that were treated with flame retardants. 17 While the second stage corresponds to the thermal cracking of the carbonaceous conjugated polyene sequences. The two peaks in the derivative thermograms (Figure 4), being indicative of the maximum weight loss rate of the degradation, correspond to the most rapid degradation temperature of each stage, respectively.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Of Pvc/clay Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant of Fe‐Organophilic Montmorillonite in Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites

Kong¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2008

Chin. J. Chem.

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Two kinds of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/organophilic montmorillonite (OMT) nanocomposites are prepared by a melt intercalation method. This study has been designed to determine if the presence of iron and zinc ions in the structure of montmorillonite (MMT) lattice can affect thermal, flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. The information about the morphological structure of PVC/OMT nanocomposites was obtained using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal and flame retardant properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index and smoke density. The nanocomposites based on Fe-OMT exhibit better thermal, flame retardant properties and lower degradation degree than those of pure PVC. The degradation mechanism was studied by pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).

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Section: Thermal Degradation Of Pvc/clay Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant of Fe‐Organophilic Montmorillonite in Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites

Kong¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2008

Chin. J. Chem.

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“…Halogen-free flame retardancy is commonly achieved by the incorporation of inorganic fillers, typically alumina trihydrate (ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (MDH), into the host polymer. The flame-retardant mechanism of ATH or MDH involves the endothermic decomposition of ATH or MDH, which in turn withdraws heat from the substrate and the accompanying release of inert gas (water vapor) dilutes the fuel supply present in the gas phase [5]. Although these fillers are essentially non-toxic and relatively inexpensive, the high levels required for adequate flame retardancy often lead to processing difficulties and a marked deterioration in other critical polymer characteristics, including mechanical, physical and electrical properties.…”

Section: H Qu Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc hydroxystannate‐coated metal hydroxides as flame retardant and smoke suppression for flexible poly vinyl chloride

Xie

et al. 2009

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYZinc hydroxystannate (ZHS)-coated metal hydroxides were prepared. The effects of ZHS-coated metal hydroxides on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of flexible poly vinyl chloride were studied by means of the limiting oxygen index, smoke density rating and the char yield test. The mechanism was investigated by thermogravimerty (TG), differential thermal analysis, and differential TG analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that ZHS-coated metal hydroxides are more effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant than metal hydroxides, and it appears that tin compound may exert its action in both the condensed and vapor phases, but mainly in condensed phases as a Lewis acid.

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“…Where β is the heating rate in K·min −1 (β = 5, 10,15,20), α is the conversion, T α the temperature at conversion α with various heating rates, g(α) is a function of the reaction rate equation, k 0 is the frequency factor of the Arrhenius Equation, R is the gas constant (8.314 J·K −1 ·mol −1 ), and E α is the E a at conversion α.…”

Section: Kinetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results are obtained in the SDR and the MSD experiment, when the ratio (w/w) of MgCO 3 and AZC is 2:1, the flexible PVC has the best smoke suppression; the SDR of the PVC sample was decreased from 86.9 to 68.3 % and the MSD was decreased from 100.0 to 92.6 %. Compared with the previous work[3,[9][10][11][12], the AZC can also obviously increase the effectiveness of MgCO 3 as flame retardants and smoke suppression for flexible PVC.Tab. 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Using coupling agents and synergists are good ways to solving these problems. The previous work showed that some synergistic flameretardants such as zinc borate [3], tin additives [9], metal chelates [10][11] and some other metal oxides [12][13] can enhance the effectiveness of Al(OH) 3 or Mg(OH) 2 and then decrease the loading level as flame retardant and smoke suppression for PVC. However, the synergism of MgCO 3 and AZC as flame retardants and smoke suppressant for flexible PVC has not been reported yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The synergism of MgCO3 and 2ZnCO3·3ZnO·4H2O as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

Jiao

et al. 2011

E-Polymers

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MgCO 3 and 2ZnCO 3 ·3ZnO·4H 2 O (AZC) as flame-retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was evaluated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density rating (SDR) tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The activation energy (E a ) of the original and flame retardant PVCs' degradation processes was calculated by the Vyazovkin method. The results showed that the AZC can be used as a synergistic agent for MgCO 3 as flame retardants agent of flexible PVC. The composites of MgCO 3 and AZC cannot only decrease the initial decomposition temperature and increase the weight loss rate in the first stage, but also can promote the char formation in the second stage. The AZC decreased the E a of the degradation reaction of PVC in the first stage and MgCO 3 increased the E a in the second stage, which means that the AZC combined with MgCO 3 , catalyzed the dehydrochlorination, promoted the early crosslinking for the PVC compound and improve the stability of the char residue. The SEM results also show that the char residue of MgCO 3 /AZC treated sample has a continuous and denser structure, which can be used as a barrier for the PVC bulk.

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Metal chelates as synergistic flame retardants for flexible PVC

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant of Fe‐Organophilic Montmorillonite in Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppressant of Fe‐Organophilic Montmorillonite in Polyvinyl Chloride Nanocomposites

Zinc hydroxystannate‐coated metal hydroxides as flame retardant and smoke suppression for flexible poly vinyl chloride

The synergism of MgCO3 and 2ZnCO3·3ZnO·4H2O as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)

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