Metal and Metal Oxide Based Advanced Ceramics for Electrochemical Biosensors-A Short Review

Abstract

Identifying and quantifying the biological concentrations of certain biomolecules such as dopamine, glucose, tyrosine, and cholesterol, etc. has become the basis for medical diagnosis in the treatment of a number of related diseases. In most cases, the concentrations of these biomolecules in biofluids like blood acts as a biomarker and becomes crucial in the treatment of diseases. On the other hand, advanced ceramics refers to oxides (alumina, zirconia), non-oxides: (carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides), Composites (particulate reinforced combinations of oxides and non-oxides), etc. This review article discusses recent developments in the field of electrochemical sensors developed using metal and metal oxide based advanced ceramics with an emphasis on developments in the field over the past five years. The article presents the key results, important findings, and interesting chemistry of biosensing advanced ceramic based electrochemical biosensors for some important biomolecules such as acetaminophen, glucose, and dopamine, etc.

Advances in Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications: From Current Work to Future Perspectives

“… A common diagram displaying the main biosensor’s building blocks including: ( I ) a bio-receptor, ( II ) a transducer, and ( III ) signal processor [ 12 , 13 ]. …”

“…Metal and metal oxides nanostructures are predominant materials used for sensor modification because of their high electrocatalytic activity and their tendency to facilitate the electron transfer/charge directly in mediator-less biosensing systems. Thus, ZnO, CuO, NiO, TiO 2 , and Fe 3 O 4 have been widely used in electrochemical biosensing to promote faster electron transfer kinetics between the electrode and the active sites of immobilized bio-receptors, which led to synergistic enhancement in sensing performance [ 13 ].…”

Advances in Medical Wearable Biosensors: Design, Fabrication and Materials Strategies in Healthcare Monitoring

“…(c) Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ): Aluminum oxide-based materials are used in bioconductors due to their high dielectric constant, hardness, thermal stability, uniform pore size, and high pore density. Moreover, they are relatively less costly and the synthesis procedures are simple [ 153 ]. A CNT/Al 2 O 3 /chitosan hybrid was used to measure serotonin levels, which is an indicator of neural activity [ 154 ].…”

BIOMIMETIC SENSOR BASED ON Ag-ELECTRODE

“…The search for a metal that can be used in electrochemical sensors to detect various analytes has recently begun to be deposited on alumina, which has become an important material [8].…”