Metal and essential element levels in hair and association with autism severity

Fiore, Maria; Barone, Rita; Copat, Chiara; Grasso, Alfio Dario; Cristaldi, Antonio; Rizzo, Renata

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126409

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among essential elements, the contribution to the recommended daily dose derived from a single daily consumption of a fish/vegetable-based food box is extremely low, especially for Cu, Mn and Zn, which is crucial for normal human physiological maintenance [ 65 ], at levels between 0.3 and 0.7% of the RDV. Essential micronutrient and mineral deficiencies may induce epigenetic alterations and play a possible role in neurodevelopmental disorders [ 66 ]. Thus, it is important, especially for infants and toddlers, to have a proper nutritional intake in the daily diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an essential micronutrient involved in the normal development of many organs including the brain [ 71 ]. A specific Mn deficiency syndrome has not been described in humans [ 24 ], although a recent study highlighted that Mn levels measured in hair were inversely correlated to the cognitive level in children of 2–4 years of age [ 66 ]. From the diet, the main contributors to Mn intake are cereal-based products, vegetables, fruits and fruit products and beverages [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is necessary for the functional and structural integrity of cells [ 74 ], for the anti-inflammatory response [ 75 ] and in bone homeostasis [ 76 ]. A deficiency in Zn levels has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in particular with more severe autism symptoms [ 66 ]. The main food groups contributing to Zn intake are meat and meat products, grains and grain-based products and milk and dairy products [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish-Based Baby Food Concern—From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment

et al. 2020

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In this work, two different but complementary approaches were used to evaluate the reliability of fish-based baby foods as a source of safe nourishment for babies. More specifically, barcoding analysis based on the Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences was used for fish species authentication and an analysis of metal/metalloid levels was performed to estimate the exposure risk assessment derived from consumption of selected fish-based baby food in infants and toddlers. COI DNA barcoding revealed that in three samples the species detected did not match the common name of the species shown on the label. In particular, G. chalcogrammus and M. australis were found in place of M. merluccius and O. mykiss was found in place of S. salar. The analysis of exposure risk assessment indicated a low risk for developing chronic systemic and carcinogenic effects in infants and toddler, under an exposure scenario based on daily consumption of a single box of fish-based baby food. However, it is important to highlight that in order to provide a comprehensive risk assessment it would be important to supplement the levels of exposure resulting from the total diet. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid by authorities to ensure the safety of food for infants and toddlers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish-Based Baby Food Concern—From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment

et al. 2020

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that children with ASD have lower Zn blood concentrations [46][47][48][49] and have linked postnatal Zn concentrations during childhood to ASD severity. Indeed, one study found that hair Zn concentrations are inversely related to ASD symptom severity 50 and another study found that Zn blood levels were positively correlated with neurodevelopment 47 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Copper and Zinc Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have suggested that Mn exposure is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and psychosis 14 . Studies have associated higher Mn blood concentration during childhood with more severe ASD symptoms 60 , lower cognitive function 50 , and inflammatory markers 61 . However, using deciduous teeth, Mn concentrations have been shown to be lower in children with the ASD during the prenatal and early postnatal periods in a twin study with higher Mn concentrations correlating with less severe ASD symptoms 11 .…”

Section: Manganese An Important Nutrient Metal With Potentially Toximentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life metal exposure dysregulates cellular bioenergetics in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2020

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Neurodevelopmental regression (NDR) is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that manifests as loss of previously acquired developmental milestones. Early life dysregulation of nutritional metals and/or exposure to toxic metals have been associated with ASD, but the underlying biological mechanisms by which metals influence neurodevelopment remain unclear. We hypothesize that metals influences neurodevelopment through dysregulation of bioenergetics. Prenatal and early postnatal metal exposures were measured using validated tooth-matrix biomarkers in 27 ASD cases (13 with NDR) and 7 typically-developing (TD) controls. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the Seahorse XF96. Children with ASD demonstrated lower prenatal and postnatal Copper (Cu) and prenatal Nickel concentrations and Copper-to-Zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio as compared with TD children. Children with ASD and NDR showed greater metal-related disruption of cellular bioenergetics than children with ASD without NDR. For children with ASD and NDR mitochondrial respiration decreased as prenatal Manganese concentration increased and increased as prenatal Zinc concentration increased; glycolysis decreased with increased exposure to prenatal Manganese and Lead and postnatal Manganese. For children with ASD without a history of NDR, glycolysis increased with increased postnatal exposure to Tin. Language and communication scores in children with ASD were positively related to prenatal Cu exposure and Cu/Zn ratio. This study suggests that prenatal nutritional metals may be important for neurodevelopment in children with ASD, and that exposure to toxic metals and differences in nutritional metal exposures is associated with dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics, particularly in the NDR subtype of ASD.

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Hair and urine lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic levels in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case–control study in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India

Nayak

Sahu

John

et al. 2023

Precision Medical Sciences

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Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity. It is one of the most widespread neurodevelopmental conditions and has compound etiopathogenesis involving both environmental and genetic factors. Though the role of heavy metals on ADHD has been implicated but is less studied. Hair and urine are two non‐invasive methods which can substitute blood as a method of monitoring and assessing heavy metal levels. Twenty‐four cases of ADHD and their age matched healthy children (24) were taken as controls. Hair and urine samples were analyzed for lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) after acid digestion and extraction. The levels of heavy metals were significantly higher in cases; lead (p = .004, .003), cadmium (p = .020, <.001), and nickel (p = .016, <.001) of the hair and urine samples, respectively. Arsenic was below the limit of detection for all the samples. Hence, in conclusion, the heavy metal levels in hair and urine were significantly higher in ADHD cases as compared to their healthy counterparts.

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Metal and essential element levels in hair and association with autism severity

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Fish-Based Baby Food Concern—From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment

Fish-Based Baby Food Concern—From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment

Early life metal exposure dysregulates cellular bioenergetics in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder

Hair and urine lead, cadmium, nickel, and arsenic levels in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A case–control study in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India

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