Metagenomic analysis of the uterine bacterial microbiota in healthy and metritic postpartum dairy cows

Santos, Thiago M. A.; Gilbert, R.O.; Bicalho, R. C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3668

Cited by 135 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Whereas from cytology negative horns some recognized pathogens were isolated, such as E. coli and T. pyogenes (Sheldon et al, 2002(Sheldon et al, , 2010Amos et al, 2014) or S. uberis, the major causative agent for bovine mastitis (Schunkken et al, 2013), from cytology positive horns nonspecific or low pathogenic bacteria were found. These findings agree with previous studies showing that large microbial diversity can be identified in the uterus of dairy cows, irrespective of their uterine health status (Santos et al, 2011). The natural defense mechanisms eliminate many of the microorganisms but the efficiency of elimination depends on the bacterial load and pathogenicity as well as on the immune status of the cow (Sheldon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Uterine Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 82%

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Fuentes¹,

Arias²,

González³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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The objectives of this study were to determine: a) the agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy and presence of intrauterine fluid in apparently normal genital tracts collected from culled dairy cows; b) the agreement between results obtained from paired uterine horns using the different diagnosis methods; and c) the microorganisms isolated from uteri with cytological endometritis. One hundred grossly normal genital tracts from Holstein cows were collected at a local slaughterhouse. Samples for cytology, histopathology and bacteriology were obtained from both uterine horns, and presence of any intrauterine content was determined after opening the tracts. Cut-off values used for positive cytology were ≥5% PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophils). Data were analyzed by ROC curve analysis, Cohen's Kappa method and Chi-square tests. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and its endometrial distribution were the only histological parameters significantly correlated with cytology results (AUC: 0.780 and 0.694, respectively). Agreement between histology and cytology was moderately high for presence of infiltrate (kappa = 0.55) and low for infiltrate distribution (kappa = 0.33). Other histological parameters (status of endometrial epithelium, endometrial glands or fibrosis), intrauterine content or bacteriology were not correlated with cytology. Presence of intrauterine content was significantly (P = 0.036) related with biopsy results. Moderately high agreement was observed between paired uterine horns for cytology (kappa = 0.65) and biopsy (kappa = 0.74). Bacteriology was not related with cytology or biopsy, but different bacteria were isolated from cytology negative or positive uteri. It was concluded that endometrial cytology, although less sensitive than biopsy, is a useful tool for diagnosing subclinical endometrial inflammation.

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Section: Uterine Microbiologysupporting

confidence: 82%

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Fuentes¹,

Arias²,

González³

et al. 2017

Anim Reprod

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“…Within the phylum Bacteroidetes, Peng et al observed that Bacteroides pyogenes, Bacteroides heparinolyticus, and P. levii were the most prevalent species (6). Santos et al reported that the genus Porphyromonas was the most prevalent in the phylum Bacteroidetes, but species like B. heparinolyticus and Bacteroides denticanum (also known as B. denticanoris) were also identified (5). Within the phylum Fusobacteria, recent studies using clone library sequencing (5,6) or pyrosequencing (7) observed that F. necrophorum was the most prevalent species in metritic cows (5) or in both healthy and metritic cows (6,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, Bacteroidetes was the only phylum with significantly higher abundance in metritic than in healthy cows, therefore indicating that Bacteroidetes may be an important phylum for the development of metritis in dairy cows. Two recent studies using clone library sequencing found either an overwhelming predominance of Fusobacteria in metritic cows (5) or an overall predominance of Bacteroidetes in both metritic and healthy cows (6). One study using pyrosequencing observed a predominance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria in both metritic and healthy cows (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Uterine Microbiota Progression from Calving until Establishment of Metritis in Dairy Cows

Jeon

Vieira-Neto

Gobikrushanth

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

150

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the progression of the uterine microbiota from calving until establishment of metritis. Uterine swabs (n ‫؍‬ 72) collected at 0, 2, and 6 ؎ 2 days postpartum (dpp) from 12 metritic and 12 healthy cows were used for metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. A heat map showed that uterine microbiota was established at calving. The microbiota changed rapidly from 0 to 6 ؎ 2 dpp, with a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, which were dominant in metritic cows. Uterine microbiota composition was shared; however, metritic and healthy cows could be discriminated using relative abundance of bacterial genera at 0, 2, and 6 ؎ 2 dpp. Bacteroides was the main genus associated with metritis because it was the only genus that showed significantly greater abundance in cows with metritis. As the abundance of Bacteroides organisms increased, the uterine discharge score, a measure of uterine health, worsened. Fusobacterium was also an important genus associated with metritis because Fusobacterium abundance increased as Bacteroides abundance increased and the uterine discharge score worsened as the abundance increased. The correlation with uterine discharge score and the correlation with Bacteroides or Fusobacterium showed that other bacteria, such as Helcoccocus, Filifactor, and Porphyromonas, were also associated with metritis. There were also bacteria associated with uterine health, such as "Candidatus Blochmannia," Escherichia, Sneathia, and Pedobacter. Metritis is a huge concern for the dairy industry worldwide because it is highly prevalent (25 to 40%) and negatively affects the productivity, survival, and welfare of dairy cows (1). Diverse bacteria, including anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, were observed in the uteri of dairy cows within the first 2 weeks postpartum, but they were naturally cleared out within 60 days postpartum (dpp) (1). Culture-based studies observed that Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Bacteroides spp. (e.g., Prevotella melaninogenica, formerly Bacteroides melaninogenicus) were commonly associated with endometritis or pyometra (1-3).Although culture-based studies have laid out the foundation of our understanding of the uterine microbiota, previous studies might have underestimated the microbial complexity of the intrauterine environment of cows postpartum, given that less than 1% of the microorganisms in many environments are readily cultured under standard laboratory conditions (4). In recent years, cultureindependent techniques such as clone library sequencing (5, 6) and pyrosequencing (7, 8) have been used to characterize the uterine microbiota of cows with metritis (5-7) and endometritis (7,8). Sequencing using the Illumina platform allows for deeper sequencing than has previously been feasible even with pyrosequencing (9). Indeed, evaluating the rarefaction curves from previous 16S rRNA sequencing studies ...

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“…Interestingly, metagenomic analysis of the uterine microbiota in healthy cows and cows with uterine disease (metritis and endometritis) confirmed that F. necrophorum and Bacteroides spp. are more prevalent in cows with uterine disease, but found that E. coli and T. pyogenes have very low prevalence (83) or are not identified (84). Nonetheless, when identified by PCR, both predispose to uterine disease (85,86).…”

Section: Characterization Of Pathogenic Bacteria That Cause Uterine Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the immunology and uterine microbiology of healthy cows and cows that develop uterine disease

Galvão¹,

Santos²

2014

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Uterine diseases are highly prevalent in dairy cows. Causes of uterine diseases are multifactorial. There is good evidence for the susceptibility of the host and for the role of pathogenic bacteria, and less evidence for the effect of the environment. Uterine and leukocyte immune response is impaired early postpartum in cows that develop uterine disease. The decrease in immune function is associated with a decrease in calcium postpartum and an increase in NEFA and BHBA. Both endometrial cells and granulosal cells possess toll-like receptors (TLR) that can recognize and mount an inflammatory response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) or lipopeptides. Exposure to LPSs leads to endocrine dysregulation, which may affect steroidogenesis, ovulation and luteolysis. Some E. coli possess specific virulence factors such as fimH, hlyA, cdt, kpsMII, ibeA, and astA that cause uterine disease in dairy cows. These E. coli are associated with the occurrence of other pathogenic bacteria such as A. pyogenes, F. necrophorum, and Bacteroides spp., which act synergistically to cause uterine disease. The combined effect of bacterial infection and activation of inflammation is damage to the endometrium and embryo, delayed ovulation, shortened or extended luteal phase, and decreased fertility.

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Metagenomic analysis of the uterine bacterial microbiota in healthy and metritic postpartum dairy cows

Cited by 135 publications

References 46 publications

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Agreement between postmortem endometrial cytology, biopsy and bacteriology in culled dairy cows

Uterine Microbiota Progression from Calving until Establishment of Metritis in Dairy Cows

Recent advances in the immunology and uterine microbiology of healthy cows and cows that develop uterine disease

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